Paintings in the Renaissance
Explain (cause and effect) the importance of the achievements in your selected area.
SOURCE 1
"Renaissance Art – Facts & Summary – HISTORY.Com." HISTORY.Com, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance-art.
PAINTINGS :
• Renaissance (Re-birth)
• 15th Century
• Oil paintings and perspectives changed the way of art.
• Started painting more things lifelike
• Used to be simplistic but in the renaissance they were turned to genius
• Rebirth lead into modern world
• This was a time of political stability
• With finding new continents and a new system of astronomy it produced many artworks.
• In the late 14th century the style of painting included decorative arts and architecture (sculptures)
• In 15th and 16th Century it was calm and realistic whilst having beauty and mystery with their new knowledge of perspective
• Artists include : Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
ORIGIN :
• Starts in later 13th and early 14th century
• 1280 – 1400 Is “proto-Renaissance” period
• The writers wanted to revive language from 6th Century and so did the painters but with art
• Giotto, famous artist of proto-Renaissance started painting the human body realistically
EARLY RENAISSANCE (1401 – 1490s):
• The proto-Renaissance stooped in 1400 – 1490 because of plague and war
• Paintings being realistic didn’t appear till 15th century
FLORENCE:
• The Catholic Church helped produce art during Renaissance
• Art was sponsored by wealthy families leading to families such as the Medici’s
• In 1434 – 1492 Lorenzo Medici killed art
• 1512 art was flourishing and many artworks and sculptures where being produced.
PEAK OF RENAISSANCE (1490s – 1527) :
• Center of art was Florence
• Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael when the best and most popular in this period
• Da Vinci portrayed light and shadows, physical relationships between human, object and animals with what was surrounding them.
• Michelangelo experimented on humans for idea. One of his greatest achievements was painting though he was a sculptor, it is the giant fresco on the ceiling at Sistine Chapel – took 4 years.
• Raphael expressed things such as beauty, serenity and harmony
RENAISSANCE ART
• Many painting and artworks were made with a religious concept.
• Worked on commission and hired by patrons as they were reliable
• Middle class wanted to be like upper class so bought art for their homes which did rise the middle class’ status
GROWTH
• Renaissance spread through Europe in 15th and 16th century
• Oli painting grew in Venice but was first done is 1432 ( traced back to)
• Mannerism spread through Europe to be the main style of art and painting
SOURCE 2
DElia, Una Roman. Painting in the Renaissance. Crabtree Pub. Company, 2009.
THE RENAISSANCE
• Artist painted realistic people, animals as well as landscapes and buildings
REBIRTH
• 1300 – 1600
• When artists and scholars looked back 1000 years and the discoveries of Ancient Rome
• Wanted to “recreated greatness” of the ancient times
ART AND LIFE
• “beautiful and practical” art
• Painted on walls, ceilings of chapels and wealthy peoples housing
• Painted as well on canvases, wooden panels and furniture
• Rich bought portrait and painted furniture
TIMELINE
1290s – Giotto changes art to be more realistic
1410 – Brunelleschi creates perspective
1427 – Masaccio creates depth in his frescoes
1436 – Jan Van Eyck is one of the firsts to use oil paints
1485 – Botticelli paints Birth of Venus
1495-98 – Da Vinci paints The Last Supper
1503 – Da Vinci paints Mona Lisa
1508-12 – Michelangelo paints on ceiling of Sistine Chapel
1511 – Raphael paints School of Athens
1543 – Vesalius prints book about human anatomy with amazing artists paintings
1550 – Vasari publishes Lives of the Most Eminent Italian Sculptors, Architects, Painters, and sculptors
WHY BUY ART
• It showed wealth and power which shows they had a good education
CONTRACTS
• This was made between a patron and a artists saying payment, materials, time to completed and size.
• Includes details of what it could look like
DISSAGREEMENTS
• This did happen which includes in Michelangelo and the Pope Julius II
SAVED BY PAINTINGS
• Many paintings were about Christianity as that was the religion back then
• Enrico painted a painting of GO decided who will go to heaven and who will go to hell hoping people would learn
PAINTERS
• If you were wealthy you could be paid on a court salary which is a specific amount of money given every time period rather than separate fee every painting
• Court Artist painted as well as designed theaters, table decorations, floats for parade, carriages, and expensive fireworks.
SCULPTURE GARDEN
• Lorenzo de Medici had a garden which Michelangelo would teach young artists how to paint or sculpt
PATRONS
• Were mainly man as they had the most wealth but women could be patrons as well
FEMALE PAINTERS
• These were often because they had a parent that was a painter
• Trained at home and not a workshop
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
• 1400’s invention
• Brunelleschi used mathematics
• The closer an object it the larger it appears to the viewer
AERIAL PERSPECTIVE
• Distance, faraway objects seemed blue and less clear
LIGHT AND SHADE
• Helped viewers picture the shapes of objects
• Painters chose where the light came from and with that created lighter areas and shades
• Painted as though they could be touched – heavy
• Convey emotions through colours and brightness
USES – RELIGIOUS
• People didn’t know how to read
• Painting religious scenes helped learn Christianity
• Painted on anything
SCENES COMING TO LIFE
• Artists showed lives on saints as though it was back then
• Connection to saints
• Savonarola in 1500 in Florence preached about Christians – leading Botticelli to burn some of his nonreligious things
FRESCO
• Had to draw out before as it was drying extremely quickly
• Drew over lines of drawing onto wall or ceiling or prick holes forming dotted lines
• Paint and plaster would drip on artists as on wooden scaffolding
CHRISTIANS
• Every Christian had a patron saint – a protector of a group of people
SYMBOLISM
• This was used in altarpieces
• Religious use mainly
OIL PAINT
• Remains wet for a long time
• Artist change mind constantly
• Helps colours blend
• Blurs out edges
JAN VAN EYCK
• “First person who perfected the uses of glazes in oil paint to create brilliant colours”
• Used oil paint to create shadows and reflections
PORTRAITS
• Can make someone fear or respect you
• Can remember a dead person
• Painted on walls, wooden panels, paper, fresco, tempera and oil
• 1400’s Italy portraits were usually profiles – Roman Emperors on coins
• Mona Lisa is different to other Italian portraits – body facing side, head turned and half smile
HUMAN BODY
• Middle ages nudity was sinful, Renaissance beautiful body beautiful heart
• Owned by wealthy patrons and churches although some churches declined it
• Tried to capture movement of body not stiff bodies
• One pose is contrapposto “contrasting pose” in Italian
• Painted it realistic, but exaggerated features
• 1400 – men tall and lean 1500 – men exaggerated muscles this were what was though as attractive
• Women shown with huge muscles shows power
• Beautiful women – tall, pale, blonde hair, curvy body and high forehead
WAR
• Artist would paint about the battles
• Honouring heroes and people
• Showing people to stay loyal to their country.
PEASANTS
• 1500 people didn’t want religious paintings
• So painted everyday life of peasants
IMAGINARY WORLD
• Christians Angels – good spirits who help Christians, Demons – bad spirits related to sin, evil
• Painted myths and old stories
MANNERISM
• 1520 Italy distortion of perspective
• Figures twisted creating emotion
• Not realistic
• Harsh poor use of space, incorrect scale
RISE OF ART
• Middle ages artists were called craftsmen
• 1500s artists studied and wrote theories behind their art
• Beginning of renaissance the importance of what the art was made out of not the artist
• By end price was done on who made it
• Late 1500s patrons let artist chose subject
• 1500s galleries started appearing
• Renaissance artists made biographies and all the other artist in that time
SCOURCE 3
"HISTORY OF IDEAS – The Renaissance." Youtube, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI1OeMmwYjU.
MEDICI
• Love to make money and spend money
• Loved Philanthropy = beauty, truth, wisdom
• Helped study in past
• Rich in old times but it is the moderate amount today compared to rich people today
• Impact was to have a vision and detailed about what they wanted
• Spent money appropriately
HISTORY FINDINGS
• Broccolini finds manuscript of great philosopher
• Wanted to run society well so looked on past and how it was run
CONSTRUCTION
• 1484 – golden age of construction
• Focus to beauty with cities
• Shaped by the people around us
• Rules made things look good
• Squares – not too big so a mum can call to a child on the other side, 5 stories, fountain in the middle, plain
PAINTING
• 1488 Giovanni Bellini paints central panel of Jesus and his mother – realistic
• Donatello, Filippo, Masaccio, Lippi, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian are all artists of this time
• Knew what they wanted to do with art/ paintings
• Selling beauty, truth, wisdom not commercial
• Raphael painting on walls of Vatican
• Titian three ages of man conveys about shortness of life, forgiveness this gives you interest in philosophy
• We all need to love, Love = Beauty = Sexiness
• Pacino (influenced art) used sexiness, lust, glamour to create people that were very clever and amazing
• Botticelli was used to expose our sexuality and people who are beautiful and shortness of life
• Titian & Botticelli = make us want to be nice, sweet and like painting
• Gives art a purpose and reason which is still appealing today
NOW
• Should “look through their eyes at our world” = make today better with their architecture, finance, paintings and politics etc.
• Make buildings, places, artworks attractive
• Do things that matter
SOURCE 4
"Renaissance Art: History, Characteristics." Visual-Arts-Cork.Com, 2018, http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/renaissance-art.htm#characteristics.
REBIRTH
• Still not completely sure
• The Black Death influenced
• Emerged from Dark Ages
PROSPERITY
• Florence was centre of production for wool, silk and jewelry
• Florence as well had the Medici family who were rich and powerful
• Thousands of years of no culture or ‘spirit’ Italy need something
EFFECTS
• Idea of that man controlled human destiny not god
• A rebirth of old information from hundreds of years ago
• Humanism
• New painting techniques
• Realism people and paintings
CHURCH
• The church being weak at this time helped the renaissance grow
• People spread humanism but the church tried to stop it but couldn’t because of how weak they were
EXPLORATION
• Renaissance was time of discovery
• Discovered sea routes, new continents, perspective, artists, sculptors and architects
• Renaissance grew because of desire to study and imitate nature
WHY ITALY
• Richest trading nation in Europe
• Old ruins and artifacts
• Greek scholars moved when Ancient Rome was around so lots of old information there to build from