Extra Credit Terms
1.Yellow Journalism:
• Provocative journalism
• During the time of war
• Pulitzer and Hearst
2. De Lome Letter:
• A letter from a Spanish diplomat
• It bashed president McKinley and was leaked
• Insulted the U.S
3. Treaty of Paris, 1899:
• Marked the end of the Spanish American War
• Philippines ceded and it cost the U.S twenty million to Spain
4. Teller Amendment:
• Passed by Congress
• It gave permission for the Spanish American War
• Said that the U.S was not trying to gain control of Cuba
5. Panama Canal:
• Goal was to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
• Many died while building it
• Hay-Pauncer Treaty marked the British allowing the U.S to build it
6. Russo-Japanese War:
• Japan won
• Had a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire to discuss the issues
• Japanese people generally thought that they should have gotten more from Russia than what the US gave
7. Pan-Americanism:
• Goal was to unite the states
• Involved all realms of the US- the economy, the military, society’s sense of nationalism
8. Maine Explodes:
• February 15, 1898
• Located in Habana, Cuba during the event
• 260 were killed by the explosion
• Many assumed that Spain was the reason the ship exploded
9. Platt Amendment:
• Made Cuba agree to not sign a treaty with any foreign power that risked their independence
• Allowed the US to be involved in Cuba’s affairs when they felt necessary
• Gave the US the ability to have naval bases in Cuba
10. Boxer Rebellion:
• 1900
• Chinese natives attacked and murdered Christian ministries
• Troops of the U.S responded by entering Beijing and ended the rebellion
11. Roosevelt Corollary:
• Added to the Monroe Doctrine
• Roosevelt addressed it in his State of the Union Address
• “Big Stick”, justified intervention in nations
12. Ida Tarbell:
• a head figure of the Muckrakers
• Known for her involvement in investigative journalism
13. Upton Sinclair:
• Author of “The Jungle”, which was showed the terrible conditions of immigrants
• Described the horrid atmosphere of the meat packing industry
14. Sixteenth Amendment:
• Gave the Congress permission to levy taxes on income without being based on the opinion of the states or the census
15. Eighteenth Amendment:
• Prohibition on alcohol
16. Newland Reclamation Act:
• Allotted money from land sales to be used on irrigation
• Did not include Texas at first, but was added in 1906
17. Square Deal:
• Roosevelt’s presidency
• Asserted that he would treat all groups equal
• Three main goals were to maintain the environment, control big business, and protect the buyer
18. Elkins Act, 1803:
• Made alterations to the interstate commerce act
• Gave permission for the ICC to charge railroads
• In general, increased the power of the ICC
19. Muckrakers:
• Journalists who classified groups and individuals to be corrupt
• During the Progressive Era
• Samuel Adams, Lincoln Stephens, Ralph Nader
20. How the Other Half Lives:
• Written by Jacob Riis
• Based on the harsh living environment in New York slums
• Set during the 1880’s
21. Margaret Sanger:
• Was a strong supporter of birth control rights for women?
• She was the lead in bringing birth control clinics to the U.S
22. Tamny Hall:
• Democratic in nature
• From New York city
• A prominent force in the mid 1800s and early 1900s
23. Seventeenth Amendment
• Made the election of senators to be by popular vote of the states
• Made the term of senators 6 years
• Passed in 1913
24. Nineteenth Amendment
• Gave women the right to vote
• Passed in 1920
• In large part due to the conference at Seneca Falls and intense activism by feminists of the era
25. Hepburn Act 1906:
• Emphasized the governments regulation of the railroads
• Changed the abilities had by the ICC
• Enlarged the abilities of the Elkins Act
26. Pure Food and Drug Act:
• Ended the ability to make, sell, or transport wrongfully labeled foods and drugs
• Done by Roosevelt
• During the Progressive era of reforms
27. Election of 1908
• Between William Howard Taft and William Jennings Bryan
• Taft won a Republican victory
28. Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
• Disagreement involving Gifford Pinchot and Richard Ballinger
• Led to divide of Republican party before the election of 1912
29. Mexican Revolution
• Occurred from 1910-1920
• Put an end to the dictatorial rule in Mexico at the time
• Made official a republic that was constitutional
30. ABC Powers
• Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
• Seen as the most prominent countries of South America
• During an era of imperialism
31. Trustbusters:
• Goal is to put an end to big businesses
• Teddy Roosevelt had and created a largely negative stigma of the business men of Wall Street
32. Conservation Act 1908
• Roosevelt made it a goal to better the environment
• Acted to protect wildlife and increased the number of forests
33. Jane Adams, Hull House:
• Adams was the first female to be honored with a noble peace prize
• Was a settlement open to immigrants
• Founded by Adams and Starr
34. Payne-Aldrich Tariff:
• Started off in the US House of Representatives
• Raised taxes on merchandise and transports coming to the United States
• Named after representative Payne and senator Aldrich
35. Triple Entente:
• The involvement amongst France, Russia, and Great Britain
• Reaction to the creation of the Triple alliance
• Said to have possibly been a cause of World War 1
36. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:
• A dangerous way of attack
• Submarines sink vessels abruptly and without prior knowledge
• Common action during 1915
37. Russian Revolution, 1917:
• Power was gained by the Bolsheviks
• Led to the ultimate advancement of the Soviet Union
• Russia began to industrialize during the late 1900’s which resulted in a population increase
38. League of Nations:
• Founded during 1920
• Created as a final act by the Paris Peace Conference
• Ended the First World War
39. Article 10:
• Involved the League of Nations
• Stated that all nations should defend the standing of other involved nations in the league
• Led to the US denying a spot in the league
40. Red Scare
• Fear of communists
• During 1940 and 1950
• Made government employees be monitored to make sure they are loyalty
41. Zimmerman Note:
• 1917
• Came from the German minister Arthur Zimmerman
• Offered an alliance of Germany and Mexico
• Was a precursor to World War 1 where the US was fighting Germany
42. War Industries Board:
• In charge of the goods and products involved in the war
• Started the widespread use of mass-production manufacturing
• Run by the government
43. Herbert Hoover
• Served as president from 1929 to 1933
• Was firm in his belief that there should be government involvement in the economy
• Roosevelt beat him in his attempt at reelection
44. AEF:
• The men who fought during WW1
• Fighting against Germany
• Amongst the armies of French, British, Canadian, and Australian
45. Depression of 1920:
• Followed World War 1
• Two-years long
• Army men were returning home
• this took away jobs from women and those who had them during the war so there was a job shortage
46. Sacco Vanzetti Case:
• Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of murdering two men in a robbery
• Were put on trial
• pleaded guilty resulting in the death penalty
• people were made because they thought the trial was not fair
47. Billy Sunday:
• A renowned evangelist
• Most active during the prohibition period of the 1900s
48. Sigmund Freud:
• Made prominent the concept of the unconscious mind
• id, ego, and superego
• From the mid 1800s
49. Election of 1920:
• Harding won
• The main focus was recovering from WW1
• Prohibition became a common topic during this time
50. Glass-Steagall Act:
• Gave details of the banking act
• Divided the concepts of commercial vs. investment banking
• Was repealed in 1999
51. Wagener Act
• Gave more rights to workers
• Made unions more acceptable and prevalent
52. Deficit spending
• Spending more than you have
• The government would borrow money
53. Social Security Act
• Gave social security and safety
• Benefits for those in need
54. Liberty League
• A group of important (rich and successful) people
• Were against the New Deal by Roosevelt
55. Bank Holiday
• Roosevelt closed banks for a week
• Goal was to boost the economy
• George Harrison and Eugene Meyer
56. Keynesian Economics
• In favor of capitalism
• Thought it was the duty of the government to help when people needed aid
57. “Court Packing” proposal
• Roosevelt presidency
• He wanted to make the supreme court bigger
• 15 judges
• His intention was to have more judges in support of his New Deal
58. Indian Reorganization Act
• Made the government less involved in Native American’s business
• Finally gave them greater autonomy
59. Mussolini
• Led the Fascists
• Italian
• He was overthrown in 1943
60. Quarantine Speech
• By Roosevelt
• He wanted the world to avoid conflict and violence with other nations
61. Munich Conference
• Gave permission for Germany to get rid of Sudetenland
• 1938
• Took place in Munich Germany
62. “Cash and Carry” policy
• Roosevelt
• Took the place of the Neutrality Acts
• 1939
63. Election of 1940
• After the Great Depression
• Roosevelt won by a lot against Republican, Willkie
• VP to Roosevelt was Wallace
64. Pearl Harbor
• Japanese attack to the U.S.
• A naval base
• Hawaiian territory
65. Atlantic Charter
• Roosevelt spoke of his actions and response to the world war
• Recognized by other nations
• Involved Winston Churchill as a fellow writer of it
66. Stalingrad
• Germans vs. Soviet Union
• Fighting over who gets Stalingrad in Russia
67. Casablanca Conference
• Where planning of military action in world war took place
• During the Roosevelt presidency
• Involved Churchill
68. Yalta Conference
• The world leaders that were there agreed on their focus to resolve the war
• Decided that Germany needed to end their violence
69. Socialism:
• Less government and more focus on the population as a whole
• People’s opinions
70. Superpowers
• Referred to the U.S and the Soviet Union
71. Marshall Plan
• Consisted of the United States helping Europe by giving them large sums of money
• Post World War 2
72. Truman- McArthur controversy
• Regarded the Korean War
• McArthur wanted to target China while Truman was against it because he thought it would lead to more violence
• McArthur disrespected him by continuing to voice his opinions
73. Cuban Missile Crisis
• Lasted thirteen days
• Fought over the missles said to be dropped on Cuba by the Soviets
74. Potsdam Conference
• Involved the big three world political leaders
• The final conference where there was discussion on what should be done to resolve WW1
75. Iron Curtain Speech
• Churchill spoke of how he wanted to aid Europe after the war
• Took place at Westminister College
76. Communism
• Came from the ideas of Karl Marx
• Items are available to all
• Success is determined by one’s own abilities to work
77. Truman Doctrine
• A plan to deal with expansion
• Truman applied his methodology when dealing with Greece and Turkey a year later
• Plan to aid all nations with a democracy
78. Berlin Blockade
• During the Cold War
• Built by the Soviet Union
• They were trying to make less nations able to invade
79. Brikmanship
• A forceful and aggressive way of dealing with other powers
• When a nation pushes another nation out in an attempt to gain greater leverage for themselves
80. Eisenhower Doctrine
• A nation in threat can ask the U.S for help
• Directed at the Middle East
• Specifically protecting these nations from the Soviets
81. Bay of Pigs
• At the time of the Cold War
• The gov tried to invade Cuba to rid Castro of his power but they had more military than expected
• Negative outcome, failure on Kennedy’s part
82. Taft-Hartley Act
• Also known as the Labor Management Relations Act
• Put restrictions on the abilities had by unions
83. Election of 1948
• Truman beat the Republican, Dewey
• Significant because everyone thought Dewey was going to win
84. Postwar inflation
• There is an economic boom during war because manufacturing increases
• When the war is over, the troops are back home and replace the women and children who filled the job previously
• This creates an economic upset and thus inflation
85. Employment Act of 1946
• Gave greater responsibilities to the government
• Focused on the problems of inflation and those without a job
86. McCarthyism
• Against communists
• Trying to prove guilt without any actual reasoning or evidence
87. National Security Act
• The United States changed the agenda of the military and how they handled safety issues
• 1947
88. Interstate Highway
• During Eisenhower’s presidency
• Part of the greater Highway system of the U.S.
89. NATO
• An alliance between North America and Europe
• Based in Belgium 1949
• Consists of twelve nations
90. Ernest Hemingway
• Author
• wrote about the hardships of war
• his writings revolve around propaganda and spiritual topics
91. Federal Trade Commission
• 1914
• Wilson’s presidency
• Purpose was to represent the people and take down business giants
92. Federal Reserve Act
• Made the federal reserve system to be the main means of U.S banking
• 1913
• can be altered by congress
93. Hay-Pauncefort Treaty
• 1901
• created the Panama canal
• Between the U.S and the United Kingdom
94. Open Door Notes
• Equality between countries working with China on trade
• 1899
• pro-china
95. Bering Sea Controversy
• U.S. vs. Canada and Britain
• U.S wanted ownership over the ocean between them so they could have access to the hunting of animals in that area
• Denied by Britain, the U.S took calim to the land anyways
96. Panama Revolution
• Where Panama gained independence from Columbia
• The panama canal company helped make it happen
• Nov 3, 1903 is when Panama officially gained independence
97. Treaty of Portsmouth
• Put an end to the Russian vs Japan war
• The back and forth between making negotations was long lasting
• Officiated in New Hampshire
• Roosevelt
98. The Jungle
• 1906
• book by Upton Sinclair
• based on the hardships dealt with by immigrants at the time
99. Forest Reserve Act
• 1891
• Harrison’s presidency
• Gave land to be saved from the mass industrialization that was occuring
100. Hawley-Smoot Tariff
• Increased rate of tariffs
• 1930
• intended to benefit farmers and business men
• negative effects
• enhanced the Great Depression
•