Determination of Factors Impact on Cigarette Smoking Habits of University Students
A. Semih UZUNDUMLU1 and Yavuz TOPCU2
Ataturk University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agriculture Economics, 25240 Erzurum.
E-mail: 1asuzsemi@atauni.edu.tr, 2yavuztopcu@atauni.edu.tr
KEYWORDS Bayburt University. Cigarette Smoking. Economic Waste. Health Effects.
ABSTRACT Cigarette have a negative impact on both the health and the economy of individuals. However government policies are reducing to smoking cigarette, cigarette producing companies receive a number of measures for influence consumers. The aim of this study was to determinate factors impact on cigarette smoking habits of university students. Surveys were made according to Unclustered Probability Sampling Method (n = 260) of students on Bayburt University campuses in 2014. Ages of students from 18 to 35 years and 55.4% of them are women and 45.6% are men and in addition to 23.0% of the total students are used to cigarette. 83.3% of using cigarettes are men and 16.7% are women. Monthly average cigarette consumption is approximately 5 packs per student, or about 60 cigarette packs per annual. In the study, effective 16 factors on the amount of cigarette consumption of students have been determined. These factors comprised from economic, psychological and social demographic questions. If controls of prohibitions that applied to government with cigarette concerned and taxes of cigarette follow-up, it is expected to will reduce cigarette consumption of young people. In addition to cigarette is a monster with regard to shares in social media will decrease cigarette consumption. If these applications are succeeds healthier and more productive a society will consist.
INTRODUCTION
Cigarette is a product made from tobacco leaves, paper and filter for smoking by machine (Anonymous 2015a). Tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper and cigarettes packed in twenties bunched. Consumers use to cigarettes by burning after they are inhale and exhaled smoke of cigarette with mouth. There are 4,000 chemical in cigarette, these chemicals including nicotine, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and oxidant such as substances (Seget et al, 2011; Csordas and Bernhard 2013; Mudhovozi and Nyanga 2015). Over 1.25% of these chemicals are carcinogenic (Seget et al, 2011).
According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 50% of cigarette smokers die from tobacco-related disease (WHO 2008; WHO 2013). Cigarette exposes health problems for but cigarette smokers also passive smokers who are don't used cigarette but they are situated with smokers in the same environment. About 1% of passive smokers die from tobacco-related disease and 61% of these deaths are children (Oberg et al, 2011; Ossip 2013). Proportion of households having at least one individual in the habit of smoking tobacco product is 54.2% and proportion of having at least one child, aged 0-17, in these households is %33.8 in 2013 (TURKSTAT 2015).
48% of men and 15% of women uses a cigarette in the worldwide in 2010s (Iovino et al, 2012). According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), approximately 16 million people used tobacco product and proportion of cigarette smoking were 31.2% in 2008 in Turkey. Also this proportion was 47.9% in men and 15.2% in women (GATS 2010). About 14.8 million people (27.1%) used tobacco product and on the other hand, gender-related consumption in men and women were calculated as are 41.5% and 13.1% respectively in Turkey in 2012 (GATS 2014). Important steps were taken in the fight against smoking. Firstly as, cigarette smoking prohibited in all indoor spaces in Turkey since 19 May 2008 (Anonymous 2015a), secondly as, mandatory pictorial warnings was added on packs, and thirdly as cigarette prices was raised (GATS 2014). As an effect of result of these numbers of individuals using smoking 1.2 million have decreased in the 4 years.
While cigarette consumption generally decreases in developed countries, it has increased steadily in developing countries and also it has increased in women and children in recent years. In this case, cigarette marketers develop marketing methods for women and young people of developing countries (Gil-Lacruz et al, 2015). The first the international tobacco control treaty as "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control", was signed in Geneva on 21 May 2003. This legally binding treaty gives nations powerful new tools to protect the health of their citizens from the tobacco industry's deceptions and slick marketing (Oguzturk and Gulcu 2012; Anonymous 2015b). "National Tobacco Control Program Action Plan" was prepared by the Ministry of Health in Turkey. The main objective of the program rises to 80% proportion of non-smokers over 15 aged and the under the age of 15 rises to 100% until 2010 in Turkey (Oguzturk and Gulcu 2012).
Studies on young and women's smoking suggest that they should be informed about the adverse health effects of cigarette (Gil-Lacruz et al, 2015; Mansour et al, 2015).
A lot of studies showed that religious beliefs and the most respected person, parents and friends' smoking attitudes and behaviors are significantly associated with students' cigarette used (Everett et al, 1998; Kear 2002; Whooley et al, 2002; Levinson et al, 2007; Rhodes and Ewoldsen 2009; Akl et al, 2013: Mansour et al, 2015; Mudhovozi and Niyanga 2015).
Spending for tobacco and cigarettes include both cigarette and medical expenditures. As of 2013 the per capita average household's cigarette expenditure was 102.1 TRY and when considering only to cigarette smokers this number multiply with the 3.66 coefficient, it gets 373.64 TRY, this value is approximately half of the minimum wage (TURKSTAT 2015).
Cigarette smoking habits by young people is very high in Turkey. Cigarette smoking habits in young people have started either very young ages or after university. The aim of this study was to determinate factors impact on cigarette smoking habits of university students. After, considering these factors will give suggestion or recommendations to students and will get to reducing or ceasing fully cigarette consumption of students. The result of the research may provide more healthy generations and sustainable living.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Material
The main material of the research was obtained by conducting face-to-face interviews with 260 students in May 2014 in Bayburt University. Many local and foreign studies were used as the second data source, and the survey forms of this research prepared according to objective of the research.
Method
Sampling method
With the information obtained from the student affairs the number of samples is determined. For determining this number of sample has been used the following equation was used (Newbold 1995).
=257 (1) ''_p^2=(r/z_(''/2) )^2=(0.05/1,64)^2= 0.00093 (2)
Where,
n = sample size (257)
N= population (The number of students enrolled in universities) (5842)
p = percentage making a choice (%50 used for sample size needed),
Z'/2: = z value (1.64 for 90% confidence level),
''2p : variance
r: deviation from the average (5%)
Participants and setting
Study was carried with 260 surveys and participants were randomly selected from 4 faculty which they were engineering, education, economics and administrative sciences and theology. 44.6 of participants were male and 55.4% were female. The researcher delivered to survey with one's own hand to the participants.
Instrumentation
32 questionnaires were developed from previous studies, and surveys were presented four sections and in Turkish language to participant. Questions of the first sections associated with socio-economic and demographic factors. Questions of the second sections associated with daily activities and lessons conditions of students. Questions of the third sections associated with cigarette used quantity and expenditure of students. Questions of the last sections associated with attitude and behaviour of students toward cigarette used. Those questions were asked separately eight different questions in 5-point Likert scale to used and don't used to students.
Pilot study
A pre-survey was designed and tested after the necessary corrections final form was supply to students.
Data collection
As the purpose of this study explained to the students, students were spent 20-30 minutes to complete survey and data were controlled and collected by an Assistant Dr. Completion of the survey took in 5 days. After all survey entered into the computer, data were analysed by L''MDEP 4.0 program.
Statistical analyses
L''MDEP 4.0 statistical package program was used to Tobit analyse. This analyse was used to measure effects on the cigarette consumption amounts of socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural factors in young consumers. The coefficients were estimated by Tobit model. Meaningfulness of these coefficients was demonstrated by p value. In order to among the variables may be any econometrical problem, considering the variance-inflating factor (VIF) and Durbin-Watson d statistics were used (Gujarati 2005).
Ethical consideration and human rights
Consent of the students were obtained before began to conduct a survey. Aim of this study explained in a simple and clear manner to each student. In order that confidential of all data provide questions were asked. When the survey started, we said that 'You can leave without giving any reason from the survey at any stage of the survey'. Survey study was carried out without taking the name of the students. Survey has not made with students psychologically affected from survey study.
RESULTS
Table 1 is given demographic, social and economic characteristics of students who smoking and non-smoking.
Table1. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of participants in the study, N=260
Participants Gender
(Person) Age
(Year) Expenditure
(TRY /Month) Smoking Expenditure
(TRY/Month)
Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male
Smokers 10 50 23.0 23.3 715.1 779.0 113.6 161.9
Non- Smokers 134 66 21.8 22.6 537.9 562.2 0 0
Total or Average 144 116 21.9 22.9 550.2 656.0 7.9 69.8
55.4% of the participants consisted from women and 44.6% from men. Above half of participants were female and cigarette using percentage of men and women were 43.1% and 7.0% respectively. The average age of the female and male participants were 21.9 and 22.9 years respectively, the average age of female and male smokers were 23.0 and 23.3 respectively, and the average age of female and male non-smokers were 21.8 and 22.6 respectively. It is understood that the vast majority of young people starting to smoke in university years. The average monthly expenditure of the female and male participants were 550.2 and 656.0 TRY respectively, The average monthly expenditure of female and male smokers were 715.1 and 779.0 TRY respectively, The average monthly expenditure of female and male non-smokers were 537.9 and 562.2 TRY respectively. It is emerging that smoking students' monthly expenditure is higher than non-smoking students. The average monthly smoking expenditure of female and male smokers was 113.6 and 161.9 TRY respectively. As a result, cigarette used male students make the most expenditure in this cohort.
Table 2 is given residence locations of students who smoking and non-smoking.
Table 2. Residence locations of participants in the study, N=260
Participants Residence Location
State of Residence Private of Residence Apartment to Rent Other
Smokers 9 14 37 0
Non- Smokers 50 49 90 11
Total 59 63 127 11
Approximately half of participants and 61.7% of cigarette smokers participants reside in rented houses with friends. The biggest factor in the students' home rental is due to the desire to live more freely. The percentages of cigarette smokers in private and state homeland were 22% and 15% respectively. Also none of the students live with their family use a cigarette.
Table 3 is given some habits of students who smoking and non-smoking.
Table 3. Some habits of participants in the study, N=260
Participants Some Habits
Watching TV
(h/day) Using the Internet
(h/day) Using Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp
(h/day) Sleep Duration
(h/day)
Smokers 2.5 3.5 3.1 7.8
Non- Smokers 2.3 3.8 3.6 7.8
Average 2.4 3.7 3.5 7.8
Smokers and non-smokers participants are sleeping average 7.8 hours per day. Participants are watching daily average 2.4 hours TV, using 3.7 hours internet that its 3.5 hours is Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Daily average watching TV of the smokers and non-smokers participants are 2.5 and 2.3 hours respectively. It is understood that smoking participants tend to watch a little more TV. Daily average using TV of the smokers and non-smokers participants are 3.5 and 3.8 hours respectively. Also it is understood from Table 3 that 89-94% of internet usage is Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp.
Table 4 is given some health-related attitudes and behaviours of students who smoking and non-smoking.
Table 4. Some health-related attitudes and behaviours of participants in the study, N=260
Participants Some Health-Related Attitudes and Behaviours
Body Mass Index Chronic Disease State
(Person) Making Regular Breakfast
(Person) Making Regular Exercise
(Person)
Smokers 23.5 1 34 35
Non-Smokers 22.5 15 125 99
Total or Average 22.7 16 159 134
Body-Mass Index (BMI) (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is known to be associated with many diseases. Among cigarette smoking status with B''M, wasn't found to be significant differences in the study. 88% of young people's B''M are between borders recommended by the scientists. No correlation was found between cigarettes used with chronic diseases. Even there is chronic disease more excess non-smokers than smokers. Over half of participants, 56.7% of cigarette smokers participants and 62.5% of non-cigarette smokers participants was making regular breakfast. Over half of participants, 58.3% of cigarette smokers participants and 50.0% of non-cigarette smokers participants was making regular exercise.
Table 5 is given weighted grade point average of students who smoking and non-smoking.
Table 5. Weighted grade point average of participants in the study, N=260
Participants Weighted Grade Point Average
< 2.00 2.00-2.49 2.50-2.99 3.00-3.49 ' 3.50
Smokers 10 24 22 4 0
Non-Smokers 20 75 66 36 3
Total 30 99 88 40 3
While over half of smoking participants have got under 2.5 grade point average, over half of smoking participants have got over 2.5 grade point average. It is said that non- smoking students were more successful course than smokers students.
Table 6 is given opinions about cigarette of smokers.
Table 6. Opinions about cigarette of smokers, N=60
Opinions The severity of smoking
1 2 3 4 5 Average
I give importance to brand of cigarette 7 10 10 14 19 3.5
I use more cigarettes when prices fall 10 11 11 6 21 3.3
Environmental and friends environment 11 7 16 6 20 3.3
Smoking reduces stress 11 8 15 9 16 3.2
I don't want to used cigarette, but I'm addicted to cigarettes 17 6 13 7 17 3.0
I avoid from smoking in indoors 19 8 15 5 13 2.8
The effects of family is great in cigarette smoking 20 15 12 6 7 2.4
Smoking give confidence to me 29 14 6 5 6 2.1
Not: 1-2, as unimportant, 3, as medium important and 4-5 as very important has interpreted in the Likert scale.
Over half of cigarette smokers participants (55.0%), is giving more importance to brand of cigarette but almost it never does important for 28.0% of cigarette smokers participants and 17% of users are undecided. %45 of cigarette smokers participants is giving more importance to reduction in cigarette prices but almost it never does not important for 35.0% of cigarette smokers participants and 10% of users are undecided. 43% of cigarette smokers participants, said that friends and environment in cigarette smoking is quite effective but 35% of cigarette smokers participants claiming that this factor isn't very effective and 22% of users are undecided. 42% of smokers said that cigarettes help relieve feelings of stress. However, 32% of smokers think opposite and 26% of users are undecided. 45% of users never been to comply with cigarette smoking rule in indoor, 25% sometimes and 30% every time been to comply. 22% of users of the cigarette think that the effect of family on the use of cigarettes is too much, 58% of users think opposite and 20% of users are undecided. 72% of users smoking don't give, 18% of users give confidence and 10% of users are undecided.
Table 7 is given opinions about cigarette of non-smokers.
Table 7. Opinions about cigarette of non-smokers, N=200
Reasons The severity of smoking
1 2 3 4 5 Average
Smoking is harmful to health 2 3 12 13 170 4.7
I cannot put up with the smell and smoke of cigarette 10 6 24 24 136 4.4
Cigarette smoking is yellowing teeth 50 17 38 20 75 3.3
Cigarette is very costly a product. 51 24 27 19 79 3.3
If I use cigarettes my, parents will react against me 71 21 31 17 60 2.9
If I use cigarettes my friends will react against me 93 20 32 10 45 2.5
Ever body must comply to cigarette smoking ban in indoor. 109 18 31 6 36 2.2
I choose my friends who they don't use cigarettes 114 21 28 10 27 2.1
Not: 1-2, as unimportant, 3, as medium important and 4-5 as very important has interpreted in the Likert scale.
92% of the non-smokers agreed that smoking is harmful to health. 80% of the non-smokers cannot put up with the smell and smoke of cigarette. About half of the non-smokers think that cigarette smoking is yellowing teeth and it is very costly a product. 38% of the non-smokers think that because of their cigarette don't use may be react against smoking their families. 28% of the non-smokers think that because of their cigarette don't use may be react against smoking their friends. 21% of the non-smokers think that anybody doesn't comply with cigarette smoking ban in indoor. 19% of the non-smokers choose their friends from non-smokers.
Table 8 is given factors impact on cigarette smoking habits of University students
Table 8. Estimations results for the Zero Altered Poisson Regression Model
Variables Regression Model Marginal Effects Mean
Estimate St. Err. Estimate St. Err.
Constant 4.970*** 0.270 19.346 1.079
Price -0.038*** 0.010 -0.149 0.050 6.800
Faculty of Engineering -0.202*** 0.040 -0.788 0.162 0.392
4th Grader 0.168*** 0.049 0.655 0.199 0.438
Gender -0.184*** 0.059 -0.717 0.244 0.446
Age -0.050*** 0.008 -0.194 0.049 22.346
Education 0.006 0.008 0.024 0.052 14.777
Tea Consumption 0.005* 0.003 0.019 0.041 5.258
Water Consumption 0.012* 0.007 0.046 0.046 11.712
Expenditure 0.001*** 0.001 0.001 0.039 589.923
BMI (Body Mass Ind.) -0.025*** 0.005 -0.097 0.045 22.728
State of Residence 0.207*** 0.055 0.804 0.227 0.227
Watching TV -0.002 0.011 -0.009 0.059 2.142
Using the Internet 0.030*** 0.009 0.117 0.055 3.695
Doing Sports 0.198*** 0.043 0.769 0.177 0.515
Having Breakfast 0.068* 0.036 0.264 0.151 0.612
Early Riser -0.029 0.053 -0.111 0.212 0.492
Less Sleeping -0.156*** 0.051 -0.609 0.208 0.169
Grade Point Average -0.144*** 0.053 -0.562 0.214 2.441
Chronic Disease 0.737 0.948 2.867 3.798 0.062
Tau 0.393*** 0.049
Poisson log-likelihood -698.747
Z.I. Poisson log-likelihood -455.050
According to the results of the Zero Altered Poisson Regression model, there are a positive association between 4th grader, tea consumption, water consumption, expenditure, state of residence, using the internet, doing sports, having breakfast and cigarette smoking quantity for all students, whereas price, be student of faculty of engineering, gender, age, BMI, few sleeping, grade point average there are a positive association. All of these variable have a statistically signi'cant effect on the level of cigarette consumption for students.
DISCUSSION
Although cigarette consumption is known that many diseases caused losses by everybody, cigarette consumption is increasing in the young individuals of the developing countries over the years. In this study, factors impact on cigarette smoking habits of university students was determined. According to the results of the Zero Altered Poisson Regression model, approximately 44% of students were selected from fourth grade students. Considering the results, there is a positive association between 4th grader by cigarette smoking quantity (p<0.01). This may consider to be related to adapt to the school environment (Table 6). Some studies have found that Lifestyle and environment are positive effect over the cigarette consumption for all members of society (Flay et al, 1998; Shepshelovich and Shoenfeld 2006; Levinson et al, 2007; Marques and Ikediobi 2010; GATS 2014; Mansour et al, 2015; Mudhovozi and Nyanga 2015).
There is a positive association between tea or water drinking quantity by cigarette smoking quantity (p<0.10). This may be related to school canteens and their homes. People generally consume along with cigarette and tea, in suitable places the absence of cigarette smoking ban in Turkey. So it is normal to have a positive association between cigarette consumption and tea consumption. After using cigarettes, they also need to thirsty; water is one of the best alternatives if they consumed any beverages. Reich et al (2011) said that tea, coffee or water is widely used additional drinks substances among alcoholics and cigarette addict.
Cigarette consumption has a significant share in the total expenditures of the students. Therefore it has been expected that children of sending more money families more cigarette consumes than other student (p<0.01). Kilic and Ozturk (2014) said that individuals with economic power consume more smoking wealthier persons more likely to smoke more cigarettes compared the other persons.
About 22% of students have stayed in the state of residence. Students prefer to live in the state of residence for more economic conditions. Students have more stress in the state of residence so that cigarette consumption quantity is higher than other residences (p<0.01). El Ensari et al (2012) said that University (Dormitory and classroom) environment requires a different size people maintain their relationship in a new social environment. Some habits of people can change in a positive or negative direction in this new social environment.
The students has been using daily average 3.7 hours internet and its 3.5 hours is Facebook, what is up and twitter. The amount of daily cigarette consumption by individuals is increasing with use of the internet increases (p<0.01). Especially young people may spend a significant time of day to use the internet on their phone because of its features across the internet. If the frequency to connect to the internet from the phone of students make decrease, students will be used fewer cigarettes. Kim et al (2010) found that there was significantly positive correlation between stress and internet addiction. Common point of cigarette and internet addiction is stress and when students expose to stress; these two cases are seen as savior to them.
Over half of cigarette smokers participants and half of of non-cigarette smokers participants was making regular exercise (Table 4). Smoking students is making further sports than non-smoking students (p<0.01). Conway and Cronan (1992) were determined smoking is a detriment to physical fitness even among relatively young, fit individuals. Also were suggested cigarette smokers should be given strong encouragement to stop smoking as part of any effort to improve physical fitness.
56.7% of cigarette smokers participants and 62.5% of non-cigarette smokers participants was making regular breakfast (Table 4). When cigarette consumption quantity increases students are more prone to make breakfast (p<0.10). But Keski-Rahkonen et al (2003) suggest that an increased frequency of breakfast skipping was associated with increased smoking and decreased exercise frequency. In our study, the reason of making sport and having breakfast of smoking student stems from thinking that cigarette's negative impacts may be reduce by the sport. These students will be healthier when they continued in the same way to the sport and breakfast after quitting smoking.
Average price of cigarette packet is about 6.80 TRY in 2013. If price of cigarette increases its consumption is reduced (p<0.01). Gil-Lacruz et al (2015) said that higher prices and pictorial labels are negatively correlated with smoking rates. Therefore increasing the cigarette tax on cigarette prices will lead to reduction in cigarette consumption of students.
Cigarette consumption quantity of students in the engineering faculty is higher than other students (p<0.01). Nachtigal et al (1989) said that both medical and engineering students' attitudes, behavior and knowledge towards smoking were similar. Because of courses of students of both faculties be heavy they see cigarettes is one of the tools in relieving stress.
55.4% of the participants consisted from women and cigarette using percentage of men and women were 43.1% and 7.0% respectively. Women's cigarette consumption quantity is higher than men (p<0.01). Gil-Lacruz et al (2015) said that in many developing countries, women smoke much less than men but tobacco companies aimed to buying cigarette as potentially confounding young and women who more vulnerable cigarette than young men because they more concerned with their weight, body image or social acceptance.
The average age of female and male smokers was 23.0 and 23.3 respectively. Age is negatively correlated with smoking for students. Maturing individuals try to either smoking cessation or reduction methods (p<0.01). Mansour et al (2015) said that cigarette consumption among individuals aged 18-25 are more than other ages. Many students begin to smoke at young ages, a few years after reaching the maximum consumption level and consumption is decreasing as time progresses (Everett et al, 1998).
Average BMI of students is 22.7, BMI of students who used cigarettes is 23.5, don't used cigarette is 22.5. BMI is negatively correlated with smoking for students (p<0.01). That is, the results reveal that there is the effect over the weight loss of the cigarette. While cigarette tax increases may decrease cigarette smoking, these results indicate that such increases will concurrently have an inadvertent, positive, indirect effect on BMI and obesity (Baum 2009).
As average all participants are sleeping average 7.8 hours per day. Less sleeping is negatively correlated with smoking for students. When students get regular sleep 8 hours a day on average, cigarette consumption will decline. So the active operating time of the day with decreasing cigarette consumption will be reduced (p<0.01). Smoking cigarettes or using can affect individual's sleep in with active ingredient nicotine. Nicotine increases vigilance and decreases sleeping time. Cigarette smoking is associated both with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (Underner et al 2006).
Over half of smoking participants are under 2.5 GPA and there is a negative relationship between smoking cigarette with student success (p<0.01). Diego et al (2003) and Sezgin and Yavuz (2008) said that students with low GPA were more likely to smoke cigarettes. In addition to Diego et al (2003) said that high self-ratings of popularity and depression is positive associated with smoke cigarettes.
CONCLUSIONS
Especially in women and young people of developing countries, cigarette consumption has been increasing exponentially in recent years. In this case, the cigarette companies are dazzling and they use all kinds of impressive marketing strategy to influence these individuals. Because of smoking-induced health spending and cigarettes costs increase in recent years the government has been brings legislation to smoking. On the occasion of tax increases, prohibits, penalties and sanctions made in 2008 in Turkey, was significant reductions in cigarette consumption quantity in the same year; but due to the monitoring of the implementation haven't taken place in the following years cigarette consumption has begun to increase again. Basic way of preventing consumption of cigarette, smoking is introduction of as a monster, destroys human time on, by family individuals, teachers, media, TV and internet and during their life should not use it at all should be emphasized. Videlicet this problem should have been able to solve from the source in practice. However, in our study, we aim to getting their leave or reduce cigarette consumption, considering demographic, social and economic factors of effective on cigarette consumption of student who smoking cigarette. According to the results 23% of students consume cigarettes and their cigarette expenditures are approximately 25% of total expenditure. In the study, students at the stage of accustom a different environment, they are starting smoking cigarette with the effect of friends and with the comfort of leaving from the family and also when they face with the problems and difficulties and in the pressure of the environment, cigarette is their best friend in the future. Especially students consume more cigarettes with friends while drink tea. When they have a stress, cigarette is a friend to them. As nicotine in cigarettes make addicts itself, to less sleeping, more spend and less successful of students in the course are causing. Cigarette consumption is higher in women, cigarette consumption amount increases in the first years and decreases in advancing ages as time progresses. Students of cigarette consumption uses about 6 hours Twitter, Facebook and WhatsApp from computer or pocket phone. Students are generally weak in terms of weight, they think that sport can reduce the negative effects of cigarettes and quit smoking can gain weight. Students think that the price of cigarettes is high and when cigarette prices drops they could use more cigarettes. In addition, It is also determined that smoking students is loyal to the brand of cigarettes. As a result of impact of the environment and technology is great in the smoke, therefore nonsmoker must react to smoker friends, support for smoking cessation, when they must share their writings pictures and videos about damages of cigarette on Facebook etc., cigarette consumption will be reduced significantly. In addition, it should be checked whether they comply or not to smoking ban in the students' canteen and other indoor places, students who do not comply with bans must be punished. In addition, students have a number of fears as I will gain weight if I stop smoking. In overcoming of these fears will help them advice of a dietician, balanced diet and making sport.
As a result of if this application is successful for young people both they will protect their own health and as these individuals, will be parents in the next few years, will explain to their children the bad effects of smoking, will further contribute for be more healthy of the next generation.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge students of Bayburt University who participated in this study. There was no external financial support/ funding for this study.