People move all the time for certain work or job from origin to various destinations. Trips are made using various modes of transport that can be used motorized or non-motorized modes of transport. Motorized transport like car, train, and bus and non-motorized are basically walking & cycling. Trips are seldom made by only one mode of transport is known as single trips. City development is closely related to urban transport development. In the modem city, travelling modes developed form the starting foot mode too many ways. For the high class people travelling by car with lots of comfort is measured. With this there are many problems occur, such as traffic jam, environmental pollution and so on. It shows the development of multi-modal travel has become urban transport development trends. This could be solving urban traffic problems; we should promote the public transport with high capacity to use it and development of multi-modal travel.
Travelling information system before journey has become more and more popular in many countries around the world such as in UK, US & Europe. Traveller information is provided by various means using digital display, mobile apps,sensors & with the help of communication. Applications can be found through mobile, computer, digital maps. Transportation service however mostly provides in one transportation mode such as car navigation or separated public and/or private transportation modes through World Wide Web. More focus given on using more than two modes of transportation, especially for traveller information application. R.Van Nes has discussed the definition of multi-mode travel, i.e., two or more various modes are involved for a one trip between which the traveller has to make a transfer. The purpose of multi-modal route planning is to provide the traveller with shortest path, feasible and least cost route from origin to destination, where the route may utilize by various transportation modes including public and private transportations. Now are days the route planning systems provide bus transfer, car navigation mostly; few have access to walking guidance. Without giving walking path, it is hardly able to provide feasible pedestrian door-to-door travel routes, not to mention the optimization and personalization guidance.
Journey planning problem is used to be represented as an optimal problem which is aiming at providing shortest route which consider all the demands of traveller. The feasible solution is defined over some calculations of distance considered by the user during the route selection process. Researches in multimodal-criteria evaluation for streets focus generally on two aspects. One is trying to evaluate the possible combination when a person travel out which is often taken with experiments and getting the most likely consideration from regular ones to the minimize numbers. Others mainly focus on how to utilize these minimum criteria to solve optimal problems.
1.2 Objective
Study Multimodal Transportation systems
Multimodal transportation system is the ‘combination of more than two modes & transportation systems operated through different systems’. From this definition, it is possible to distinguish the main elements of multimodal transportation system as:
– Travellers
– Different modes of transports
– Different operators
It can also be defined as the trip. According to that it can also be defined as ‘the use of two or more modes having in journey of people or goods from origin to destination.
Fig. 1: Multi Modal Transport Trip (Transfer point is denoted by the bold T)
Multi Modal Transport relates to combination of modes i.e. vehicle modes metro, car, tram, etc.) Or modes (private/public) between which the traveller has to make a transfer from source to destination. T is denoted as ‘Transfer points are the points that connect the different modes’ this together forms abigger network and where travellers can use another mode. Use of different mode (T) is the sole idea of multimodal transport system and what it makes the multimodal system different than considering each mode separately. Multimodal transportation system has a set of choice of modes of different transport which travellers can use with different combinations as per their needs and preferences to move their destination.
Multimodal transportation was seen as one of the solutions to develop people to move with the help of the public transport. It is important to complete a part of a trip by bike, park in one of the destination where bike can park in parking area and resume the trip by using a certain means of public transport. In this way, people living in areas where public transport are not convenient to use by utilising their personal vehicles to certain a point where public transportation system is much more higher and then continue their journey by the public transport [2].
Fig. 2: Phases of business journey
Multimodal journey can be divided into three parts as in Fig.2. The first street part is the way from the starting point (e.g. place of job) to a transport station (e.g. metro station). Usually this section of the journey is a short-haul section. The section which is the longest distance (long-haul, e.g. railway station-railway station), in the travel continuation which is done using the key mode of transport (e.g. airplane). The last section is like the first section of route a short-haul to the last destination. All the partial sections between start and destination are referred to as ‘door-to-door’. The subsections distance covered is not necessarily in accordance with accumulating time or expense [1].
The various characteristics of MMTS are as follows:
– Trips involve more than one mode.
– Use of different modes of transport at different opportunities.
– One single mode not to stick to Policy principle.
– Development of seamless web of integrated transport chains, linking road transport, rail transport
and water transport.
– Competition between transporters instead of between transport modes.
– Smooth interchange flow and transfer node.
– An important characteristic of the system is seamless travel.
The Ministry of Urban Development, formulated National Urban Transport Policy, with the broad objective to ensure safe, least cost, early, comfortable, relax and easily accessible for the growing number of city residents to jobs, education, goods transport and such another needs within cities. The main aim of multimodal transport is to promote public transport in urban areas. An integration of different modes brings about reduced traffic congestion on the road, greater convenience for traveller, efficiency and cost effectiveness.
The components of multi modal transport system comprises of the following:
– Rail facilities
– Bus facilities
– Water facilities
– Air facilities
– Passenger waiting area
– Commercial facilities
– Ticketing offices
– Parking facilities
– Vertical and horizontal passenger link.