PA new approach based on triangular functions for solving n-dimensional stochastic differential equations
M. Asgari
Department of Engineering, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
Abstract
In this article, we prepare a new numerical method based on triangular functions for solving n-dimensional stochastic differential equations. At first stochastic operational matrices of triangular functions are derived then n-dimensional stochastic differential equations are solved recently. Convergence analysis and numerical examples are prepared to illustrate accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
Keywords: Brownian Motion; It'' Integral; N-dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations; Stochastic Operational Matrix; Triangular Functions.
AMS subject classifications. Primary: 65C30, 60H35, 65C20; Secondary: 60H20, 68U20
1. Introduction
Mathematical modeling of real world problems causes differential equations involving stochastic Gaussian white noise excitations. Such problems are modeled by stochastic differential equations (SDE). Some authors have presented numerical approachs to solve stochastic differential/integral equations [1-11]. We consider integral form of n-dimensional stochastic differential equation(N-SDE) as follows:
(1)
where, is an initial value, is a n-dimensional Brownian process. and ; are defined on , probability space, and is unknown function. Also are It'' integrals.
Orthogonal triangular functions (TFs) are derived from the block pulse function (BPF) set by Deb et al. [12]. TFs approximation has been applied for the analysis of dynamical systems [13], integral equations [14,15] and integro-differential equations [16].
In Section 2, we review some properties of TFs. In Section 3, stochastic operational matrices of TFs are presented. Section 4 is devoted for solving N-SDE. Section 5 is prepared convergence analysis of the approach. In Section 6 some numerical examples are provided. Finally, Section 7 gives a brief conclusion.
2 . Brief review of TFs
Deb [12] defined two m-set TFs over the interval [0,T) as follows
where, , and .
TFs, are orthogonal, disjoint and complete [16].
M-set TF vectors can be considered as
and
, a square integrable function, may be approximated into TF series as:
(2)
where, and for . The vectors and are called the 1D-TF coefficient vectors and -vector is defined as:
The operational matrix for integration can be obtained as[12]
where,
and
Let be a vector and be a matrix; then, it can be concluded that
(3)
and
(4)
in which . Elements of , a vector, are equal to the diagonal elements of Finally, integration of can be approximated as follows:
Any two variable function, , can be approximated by TFs as follows :
where F is a coefficient matrix of TFs. We put So, F can be expanded as:
where , and are approximated by sampling at points and such that for So, the following approximations can be obtained
3. Stochastic Operational Matrix of TFs
Stochastic operational matrix of TFs for the It'' integral is derived in this section. We compute and as follows:
(5)
and
(6)
where is the unit step function. These integrations can be divided into tree cases. At first consider :
(7)
and
(8)
For we get:
(9)
and
(10)
Finally, for the case of we get
(11)
and
(12)
The result of these tree cases can be expanded in to TF series:
(13)
and
(14)
where and for . From Eqs.(7-12) we get
and for Finally we can write
where, and are stochastic operational matrices of TFs. These matrices can be obtained as follow:
and
In a similar manner, the It'' integration of is
where,
and
Then we get
so,
where , stochastic operational matrix of T(x), is
Finally we can approximate It'' integration of with TF oparational matrix as:
(15)
4. Solving n-dimensional Stochastic integral equation
Approximations of in TFs domain can be written as:
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
such that 2m-vectors , are stochastic TF coefficient, and matrices and are TFs coefficients matrices. By substituting Eqs.(16-19) in (1) we get
By using (3) we can write
or
finally by using (4) we get
where and are vectors with elements equal to the diagonal entries of and respectively.
(20)
The linear system of equations in (20) can be solved easily.
5. Convergence analysis
This section prepares convergence analysis of presented approach in , continous functions in Banach space , with norm The following error holds for all that is expanded in TFs series[12] :
(21)
where is defined in (2).
Theorem 5.1 Let and be the exact solution and approximate solution of (1) respectively and
i) ,
ii) , , j=1,…,n,
hold then,
Proof. Let be the error function of approximate solution to the exact solution we can write
(22)
where,
For we get
(23)
similarly for
(24)
From (22), (23) and (24) we conclude
(25)
where . Gronwall inequality and (25) coclude
By substituting , and increasing , it implies as
6. Numerical examples
This section is devoted for solving some exampeles to show efficacy of presented approach.
Example 1. A linear stochastic integral equation is considered as follows ([10])
(26)
with the exact solution
The numerical results for are shown in Table I. is the errors mean and is the standard deviation of errors in iteration. In addition, we consider
Table I: xE (Mean) and sE (standard deviation) for k = 500.
m xE sE
Example 2. Consider following example[10]:
(27)
with the exact solution .
The numerical results for are shown in Table II.
Table II: xE (Mean) and sE (standard deviation) for k = 500 (iteration).
m xE sE
7. Conclusion
In presented approach we obtained operational matrices of TFs to solve N-SDE. The properties of the TFs are used to convert the N-SDE to a system of linear algebraic equations. This presented approach reduces cost of computations due to properties of TFs. Also this approach is applied easily to solve N-SDE. Presented examples show good accuracy of this approach.
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