SMART GARBAGE SYSTEM FOR SMART CITY
(UDP)
A PROJECT REPORT
Team Id: 63306
Submitted by: Group No.:-25
Sr. No. Name Of Student Enrollment No
1. KAJAVADARA JANAVI V. 130090111039
2. SANGANI RUSHITA R. 130090111079
3. SHELADIYA MITALI R. 130090111085
In fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
C.K.Pithawalla College of Engineering and Technology,Surat
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
Academic year
(2016)
C.K.PITHAWALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
ELECRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
2016
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that the Project entitled 'SMART GARBAGE SYSTEAM FOR SMART CITY' carried out by
Sr. No. Name of Student Enrollment No
1. KAJAVADARA JANAVI V. 130090111039
2. SANGANI RUSHITA R. 130090111079
3. SHELADIYA MITALI R. 130090111085
Under my guidance in fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2016.
Guide : Prof. Jitendra M. Patel
Head of the Department
Dr. Ninad Bhatt
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to best of our acknowledge on all person who have directly or indirectly helped us in making project and to turn it up into a successful piece of work.
It was an education phase while studying at the 'Degree (Electronics and Communication)', working with highly devoted engineering faculties and probably remain the most memorable experience of our life. Hence they indirectly involved in our project work.
It is great owner for us to making project for 'C.K. Pithawalla College of Engg. & Tech. Surat'. With immense pleasure, We present this project on the titled, 'SMART GARBADGE SYSTEAM FOR SMART CITY'.
Above all we would like to acknowledge, the immense encouragement and guidance we received from Prof. Jitendra M. Patel.
The encouragement and help received from our HOD, our guide, family member, friends and colleagues.
ABSTRACT
The overflow of garbage in public areas creates the unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding due to increase in population. It may provoke several serious diseases amongst the nearby people. It also degrades the valuation of the area. To avoid this and to enhance the cleaning, 'smart garbage system' is proposed in our project. In our proposed system, the level of garbage in the dustbins is detected with the help of Sensor systems, and communicated to the authorized control room through GSM system. Microcontroller is used to interface the sensor system with IOT BASED system & also separate the dry, wet & metal waste.
AVR microcontroller for the programming of the system and interfacing of the IR sensor module for the detection of the garbage(object), metal detector module for the detection of the presence of the metal objects & soil moisture sensor for the wet waste or object.
The system will work, when some objects (usually plastic bottles, tin can,wet waste) is drop into a funnel. Then IR sensor detect the object & conveyor belt will be start,then check the soil moisture sensor & metal detector sensor.
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE
Fig. 1(a) FIGURE NAME
IR sensor PAGE NO
12
Fig. 1(b) soil moiture sensor 13
Fig. 2(a) AEIOU canvas 15
Fig. 2(b) Empathy canvas 16
Fig. 2(c) Ideation canvas 17
Fig. 2(d) Product development canvas 18
Fig. 3(a) Block diagram of garbage system 20
Fig. 3(b) Proteus circuit design 21
Fig. 3(c) circuit simulation in Proteus 21
Fig. 3(d) circuit simulation 22
Fig. 4(a) Algorithm(Flow chart) 23
TABLE OF CONTENS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………8
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the project…………………………………………………………………………8
1.3 Problem specification ………………………………………………………………………………………….9
1.4 Brief literature review and Prior Art Search (PAS): ……………………………………………….9
1.5 Plan of work …………………………………………………………………………………………………….11
1.6 Material/Tools required ……………………………………………………………………………………..12
1.6.1 Sensors ………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
1.6.2 AVR(AT MEGA 16) Controller ……………………………………………………………….13
1.6.3 Conveyor belt mechanism ……………………………………………………………………….14
1.6.4 LCD Display ………………………………………………………………………………………….14
CHAPTER2:ANALYSIS, DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
2.1 AEIOU summary………………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.1 Empathy canvas………………………………………………………………………………………………..16
2.1 Ideation canvas …………………………………………………………………………………………………17
2.1 Product development canvas ………………………………………………………………………………18
CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Block diagram of garbage system ……………………………………………………………………….20
3.2 Actual implementation ………………………………………………………………………………………20
3.3 Software Simulation ………………………………………………………………………………………….21
3.4 Testing & Verifying ………………………………………………………………………………………….22
CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY OF RESULT
4.1 Algorithm of garbage system …………………………………………………………………………….23
4.2 Advantages ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..23
4.3 Application ………………………………………………………………………………………………………24
4.4 Scope of future work …………………………………………………………………………………………24
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem summary
In this project we have separate the types of garbage & reuse them.it is very hardly to separate using some of the components like sensors, controller etc. Technology is growing at an unimaginable rate!. There are new products, facilities, and luxury elements that are developed every day. But the dark side is that this boon has always been accompanied by a tremendous production of waste. The Philosophy of 'Waste management Hierarchy' has been adopted by most industrialized nations as the menu for developing Municipal Solid Waste management strategies.
Automatic waste segregator is categorizes the waste as wet, dry or metal. The system is designed for the handling of wet and dry waste in a healthy and environmentally-friendly way. This will improve the economy of our country. Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overloaded. It creates unhygienic conditions for people as well as ugliness to that place leaving bad smell. To avoid all such situations we are going to implement a project called Smart Garbage system for smart city.
1.2 Aim and objective of the project
The mindset that segregation cannot happen change at all levels and now we are planning to initiate more areas for segregation at household level and then spread the initiative to whole of the Municipal Corporation. The system is designed for the handling of wet and dry waste in a healthy and environmentally-friendly way with minimum energy use. It has been developed with the aim of cost effective installation and maintenance.
Objecvtie
' Measure each flows separately.
' Transmit data to central Commitiy.
' Sending massage of dustbin level.
' Store data to compare in future.
1.3 Problem Specification
1. RELIABILITY:
Garbage system is reliability in every climatic condition. It gives accurate output in every condition. It can be installed at every suitable places and can be accessed by any users at any place any time.
2. MAINTAINABILITY:
The maintenance of the project is very low as all the components. It is less maintenance as basic component are used which are easy to install and handle. It is required to maintain whenever there is some short circuit or cut-off of wire.
3. DESIGN FOR REUSE:
For future development we can upgrade our system. We can also substitute chocolate with any other thing
4. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY:
It can bare any climate condition or climate change and give output. It is not sustainable.
1.4 Brief literature review and Prior Art Search (PAS)
1).COLLECTION SYSTEM(Lawrence Vita,us3,613,915)
A mechanized garbage collection system comprises a sunken ground receptacle for storing garbage and atruck-mounted installation for extracting the accumulated garbage therefrom and conveying the same to the truck storage tank for eventual disposal at the dump. The truck mounted installation includes a garbage intake pipe which is connected to the mouth of the sunken receptacle and means for applying a vornado-type airblast at the bottom of the sun
ken receptacle to drive the garbage out of the receptacle, through the intake pipe and thence into the truck storage tank.
2).GARBAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM (Kendy Lee Stiggins, David A. Fanning, Stephen
F. Gass) GARBAGE
The invention is a garbage disposal that includes a dishwasher drain connection to allow water and waste to enter the disposal from a dishwasher, a water input port also to allow water to enter the disposal, a valve associated with the water input port to block the flow of water through the water input port until the valve is actuated, and a switch assembly to actuate both the disposal and the valve. In one embodiment of the invention a coupler is connected to the dishwasher drain connection, where the coupler accepts both a dishwasher drain hose and a water supply hose, so that the dishwasher drain connection acts as the water input port. Another embodiment of the invention includes a coupler adapted to be installed on and modify existing disposals according to the invention. The invention also includes a method of modifying garbage disposals according to the invention.
3).WIRELESS CONVEYOR BELT CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHOD(VisWanath Ganapathy, Vijayakumar Basalingappa,Vijendran Gopalan Venkoparao,Nell Freeman Perth)
A method includes transmitting first wireless signals towards a conveyor belt having multiple layers of material. The first wireless signals penetrate one or more layers in the conveyor belt. The method also includes receiving second wireless signals that have interacted with the conveyor belt. The method further includes identifying a condition of the conveyor belt using the second wireless signals and outputting an indicator identifying the condition of the conveyor belt. Identifying the condition of the conveyor belt could include identifying a thickness of at least one of the layers in the conveyor belt. This could be done by identifying pulses in the second wireless signals and using time of flight calculations.
4).SMART WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD(Fredrik
KEKALAINEN, Johan Engstrom)
A waste collection system includes one or more waste containers for receiving waste , a server system for receiving one or more signals viaa wireless communication network from sensor arrangements included on the one or more waste containers for sensing a waste status of the one or more containers . Beneficially, the server system is operable from receiving the one or more signals to compute an optimal strategy for one or more waste collection vehicles to collect waste from the one or more waste containers . The waste collection system is capable of supporting a competitive bidding arrangement for implementing collection of waste for the one or more waste containers.
1.5 Plan of their work
Month Activity
June ' Visits of industry,
' Smc,
' Homes,
' Hospitals&
' Different area.
' Market research
July ' Study of different systems related to garbage
' Study of component
' Make ppt
August ' Literature survey
' Check feasibility of component
September ' Pmms work
' Study of garbage system&
' Gsm,gps.
' Make canvas sheets.
October ' Make ppt
' Make a report.
' Hardware interfacing
Table 1: Plan of work
1.6 Material / Tools Required
1.6.1.Sensors:-
1.6.1(a)IR Sensor
An Infrared (IR) sensor is used to detect level in the dustbin whether the dustbin is full or not.An IR sensor consists of an emitter, detector and associated circuitry. The circuit required to make an IR sensor consists of two parts; the emitter circuit and receiver circuit.Emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, its resistance and correspondingly, its output voltage, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received. This is the underlying principle of working of the IR sensor.
Fig.1(a): IR Sensor
1.6.1(b) Soil Moiture Sensor
Soil moisture determinations measure either the soil water content or the soil water potential. Soil water content is an expression of the mass or volume of water in the soil, while the soil water potential is an expression of the soil water energy status expression of the soil water
energy status. The soil moisture sensor (SMS) is a sensor connected to an irrigation system controller that measures soil moisture content in the active root zone before each scheduled irrigation event and bypasses the cycle if soil moisture is above a user- defined set point. Soil moisture sensors, like rain sensors, are considered rain shut off devices, but while rain sensors measure evapotranspiration rates, soil moisture sensors measure real time soil moisture. Soil moisture sensors (SMSs) measure soil moisture at the root zone and regulate the existing conventional irrigation timer, resulting in considerable water savings when installed and used properly. A customized soil water content threshold is set, allowing for dryer or wetter soil condition. SMSs function similarly to rain sensors by bypassing irrigation events under rainy conditions, but by measuring soil moisture at the root zone they are more effective at minimizing irrigation when plants do not need additional water.
Fig.1(b): Soil Moiture Sensor
1.6.1(C) Metal Detector Sensor
A metal detector sensor is an electronic instrument which detects the presence of metal. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal hidden within objects, or metal objects. If the sensor comes a piece of metal, then this is indicated by a change in tone in loudspeaker. Metal detector consists of an oscillator that produces an alternating current that passes through a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. If a piece of metal is close to the coil,
eddy currents will be induced in the metal, and this produces a magnetic field of its own.
1.6.2 AVR (Atmega16) Controller
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture machine. In this program and data are stored in separate physical memory that appears in different address space, but having the ability to read data items from program memory using special instructions Flash, EEPROM, and
SRAM. It does not need external memory in most applications. Almost all devices (except the smallest tiny AVR chips) have serial interfaces, which can be used to connect larger serial EEPROMS or flash chips.The AVRS have 16 single-byte registers and are classified as
8-bit RISC devices.
1.6.3 Conveyer Belt Mechanisum
A 12V DC servomotor is used to move the belt. This high torque motor derives the necessary
12V and 2A current from an AC to DC converter. The start and stop of the belt is controlled using a relay. The relay makes and breaks the circuit between the converter and motor to start and stop it respectively.
1.6.4. LCD Display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly.LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images with low information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock.
CHAPTER 2:-ANALYSIS, DESIGN METHODOLOGY
AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
2.1 AEIOU Summary
This AEIOU sheet is for the which environment relates to the unhygienic area, which interactions occurs, which objects are used to do this activity and which users are related with this project.
Fig.2(a): AEIOU canvas
These are following observation record sheets:
1. A: Activities
2. E: Environment
3. I: Interactions
4. O: Objects
5. U: Users
' ACTIVITIES: It includes the activities performed by the humans (user) like resting,sleeping, etc.
' ENVIRONMENT: It includes the environment at the field like traffic jam, day/night etc.
' INTERACTIONS: It includes the interactions among the humans like playing, chatting etc.
' OBJECTS: It includes the objects present at the field like mobile, newspaper etc.
' USERS: It includes the users like students, drivers etc.
2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas
In the empathy mapping canvas users who is related to this, stakeholders for which area is related to this system, activities which is done for this plant are introduced.
Fig.2(b): Empathy Mapping Canvs
In this canvas includes following subjects to be discussed:
' Users: It includes all the peoples who can use this product like students, kids, tourists, etc.
' Stakeholders: It includes all the peoples directly or indirectly related to this product like
Government, industries, transporters, etc.
' Activities: It includes the activities carried out by the users like shopping, playing, reading, etc.
' Story Boarding: It includes the happy and sad stories.
2.3 Ideation Canvas
In the ideation canvas, the person who is related with dam are introduced. In the activity which activities are done for dam controlling are given. In the situation different situation are there. And in the props/possible solution different types of components are used and either using this component, we can use also different component.
Fig.2(C): Ideation canvas
In this canvas includes following subjects to be discussed:
' People: Like employees, student, politician, doctor, policeman, teenager etc.
' Activities: Like shopping, reading, playing, singing, roaming etc.
' Situation/Context/Location: Includes highway, railway stations, theatre, clubs, garden, malls etc.
' Props/Possible Solutions: Includes books, radio, laptop, bags, briefcase, newspaper etc.
2.4 Product Development Canvas:
In the product development canvas, purpose for the whole system, product expense, which people is related, product function, product features, which components are used are introduced.
Fig.2(D): Product development canvas
In this canvas includes following subjects to be discussed:
' Purpose: To spread awareness of cleanliness and reuse of plastics.
' People: All people(male/female) who can use this product.
' Product Expenence: Fun for kids and cleanliness towards society.
' Product Functions: Product available 24×7 and easy to use.
' Product Features: No men labour required and easy maintenance.
' Components: Plastic bottles, power supply, button, motor, sensor, tray.
' Customer Revalidation: Availability, cleanliness and speed.
' Reject, Redesign, Retain: It includes the customisation in products according to the reviews from the customers.
CHAPTER 3 : IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Block Diagram of Garbage System:
Fig.3(a): Block Diagram of garbage System
3.2 Actual Implementation:
Proteus PCB design combines the schematic capture and PCB layout programs to provide a powerful, integrated and easy to use suite of tools for professional PCB design.
Fig. 3(b) Proteus circuit design
3.3 Software Simulation
Fig. 3(c) Circuit Simulation in proteus
3.4.Testing And Verifying
Fig. 3(d) Circuit Simulation
CHAPTER 4 : SUMMARY OF RESULT
4.1 Algorithm Of garbage system
Fig. 4(a) Algorithm(flow chart)
4.2 Advantages
' Reliability
' Economical
' Real time information on the fill level of the dustbin.
' Deployment of dustbin based on the actual needs.
' Cost Reduction and resource optimization.
' Improves Environment quality
' Fewer smells
' Cleaner cities
' Intelligent management of the services in the city
' Effective usage of dustbins.
' Less human work
' Automatic monitoring
' Good services and performance
4.3 Application
' Waste Level detection inside the dustbin
' Transmit the information wirelessly to concerned
' The data can be accessed anytime and from anywhere
' The real-time data transmission and access
' Avoids the overflows of Dustbins
4.4 Scope of future work
' In next semester we are going to add some hardware.
' Will make Mechanical structure & Iot base implementation.
' We will make a complete hardware of project with all the components and necessary material.
' Add metal detector
' Add GSM and GPS module
References
a) http://nevonprojects.com/iot-garbage-monitoring-system/
b) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09odCLopdrc
c) http://neiladit.com/post/116663656610/project-smart-dustbin d) https://patents.google.com/patent/US3813128
e) https://patents.google.com/patent/US3613915A f) https://patents.google.com/patent/US7191759B2 g) http://guidetodatamining.com
h) automatic garbage collection system – PAGE
i) swmindia.blogspot.in
j) Basic Feature, 'Solid waste Management Project by MCGM'.
k) J.S. Bajaj, 'Urban Solid Waste management in India', Planning Commission
Government of India, NEW DELHI,1995
l) Garbage collecting notification system using wireless networkgsm module-PAGE