Patents
The patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or the assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention in detail. The invention is a solution to the problem of non-specific product or process technology. Patents are a form of intellectual property forms.
Capitalized development costs
Are added to the basis of the cost of fixed assets in the balance sheet of the company. They capitalized costs incurred when building or financing of fixed assets. It is not registered capital costs in the period incurred, but recognition over a period of time through depreciation and amortization.
Goodwill
Goodwill is an intangible asset that arises as a result of the acquisition of one company by another of the value of the premium. The value of the company's brand name, a solid customer base, good relations with customers, and good staff relations and any patents or proprietary technology represents fame. Goodwill intangible asset is considered to be that it was not physical assets such as buildings or equipment. Can be found at the expense of fame in the company's balance sheet assets.
Structures
The structure is to arrange and organize inter-related elements in a physical thing or a system, or an object or organization system for it. It includes physical structures of man-made objects such as buildings, machinery and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. The structures include abstract data structures in computer science and music format. Types include hierarchical structure (a series of one to many relationships), a network of many to the number of links, or poetry characterized relations between the components that are neighbors in space.
Investment property
Investment property is a real estate investment and property that has been purchased with a view to earn a return on investment, whether through rental income and resale in the future of the property, or both. Investment property can be a long-term endeavor, or intended to short-term investments such as in the case of flipping, where real estate is bought and remodeled or renovated, and sold at a profit.
Investment in associates
Investment in associates is using the equity method companies, or, if the investee's equity is Are not traded in an active market, the entity elects to account its investments in associates Using the fair value model.
An associate is an entity, including non-registered entity such as a partnership, the For the investor has significant influence, which is not a subsidiary or Stake in the joint venture.
Inventories
Inventory is management scope respect to the fine lines between the time the lead renovation, and carrying inventory costs, asset management, and forecasting inventory, assess inventory, visibility inventory and forecasting the stock price in the future, and the stock of physical, physical space available, quality management, and innovation, and return and defective merchandise, and forecasting demand. Achieve a balance between these competing needs leads to optimal inventory levels, which is an ongoing process with the transformation of the business needs and interact with the environment on a larger scale.
Derivative financial instruments
Are contract between two parties where the contract value is determined by fluctuations in the value of one of the underlying assets. Parties to the contract to take opposing positions on whether the underlying asset value will rise or fall. The name "derivative" comes from the fact that the contract derives its value from the original.
Current tax assets
Current tax assets is an accounting term that refers to a situation where the business overpaid taxes or taxes paid in advance on its balance sheet. This tax returns at the end of the day to work in the form of tax relief, and over-payment is, therefore, of the assets of the company. It can theoretically be compared to deferred tax asset rent paid in advance or refundable insurance premiums. While the business no longer has the cash on hand, it has comparable value, and this must be reflected in the financial statements.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents refer to an item in the balance sheet that reports the value of a company that is cash or assets that can be converted into cash immediately. These bank accounts, securities and commercial paper includes treasury bills and short-term government bonds with a history of three months or less maturity. The Securities and holdings of money market cash equivalents because they are liquid and is subject to significant fluctuations in value.
Share premium
The Share premium is part of the non-distributable reserves of the company, which usually can only be used for specific purposes under the Companies Act. Also called the paid surplus.
Pension plans and similar commitments
Are regulated pension benefits provided by Siemens are currently in first place through specific pension plans, which cover nearly all of the company's servants and many foreign employees in the company. To reduce the risk exposure to Siemens arising from pension plans, and the performance of the company's re-design of some large pension plans over the past few years about benefits plans that are mostly on contributions by the company. In order to finance the pension obligations of Siemens, "Home is funded retirement plans in company with assets in separate pension entities.
Provisions
the Provisions is the account that records the current responsibility of the entity. Matching recorded liability in the balance sheet of the facility to calculate the appropriate expenses in the income statement for the facility.
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities are calculated on the balance sheet of the company, which is the result of temporary differences between the accounting and tax carrying values of the company, the expected income tax rate enacted, the estimated taxes due for the current year. This can be achieved through the responsibility of any given year, which makes it an appropriate status deferred.
Trade payables
The trade payables is outstanding value to the company by suppliers for the delivery of goods or services consumed by the company in the ordinary course of action. These amounts are described, if paid on credit, is entered in the accounts payable accounting software model of the company, and then appear in the accounts payable aging report until it is paid. It does not consider any amounts due to suppliers that pay immediately in cash to be trade payables, because they are no longer responsible.
Current maturities of long-term debt
Are tells the current maturity how much time left until the bond matures, and it is a very important measure to determine the assessment and bonds. The longer the time until maturity, and interest payments over what to expect. In a normal company, there can be many of the current bond maturities staggered maturities resulting bonds expire at different times.
Income taxes payable
Income tax payable is a type of account in the current liabilities section of the balance sheet of the company consists of tax that must be paid to the government within one year. The income tax payable is calculated according to the law prevailing taxes in the home country of the company. Taxes are calculated on the net income of the company, according to the tax rate on companies where, if you are scheduled to get a tax benefit from the revenue agency company, the amount of accrued income tax decrease.
References
��� WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use. Chapter 2: Fields of Intellectual Property Protection
��� Lemley, Mark A.; Shapiro, Carl (2005). "Probabilistic Patents". Journal of Economic Perspectives, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 288. 19: 75.
��� Article 33 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
��� Phylarchus of Naucratis, "The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the Learned of Athen��us", Translated from Ancient Greek by H.Bohn 12:20, p.835
��� M. Frumkin, "The Origin of Patents", Journal of the Patent Office Society, March 1945, Vol. XXVII, No. 3, pp 143 et Seq.
��� Lemley, Mark A., Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office (February 2001). Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 4, 2001.
��� Staff, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
��� Mallor, Jane. BUSINESS LAW: THE ETHICAL, GLOBAL, AND E-COMMERCE ENVIRONMENT (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin. p. 266
��� http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalizedcost.asp
��� http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill.asp
��� https://www.journals.elsevier.com/structures
��� http://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias40