A
Project Report
On
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING II-B
B. E. IV, Semester – VI (2017 – 2018)
By
Shah Aakash 150170106001
Bhadka Prabhat 150170106004
Bhavsar Naman 150170106005
Shah Jenish 150170106056
Suthar Nisarg 150170106058
Civil Engineering Branch
Dr. P. P. Lodha
(Head of the Civil Department)
Prof. Asim I. Shaikh
(Faculty Guide)
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda
Certificate
This is to certify that group of class CIVIL 6th has satisfactorily completed their term work in subject of DESIGN ENGINEERING – IIB (2160001) having name ‘INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT’ for the term December ‘2017 to April ‘ 2018.
GROUP MEMBERS:
Shah Aakash 150170106001
Bhadka Prabhat 150170106004
Bhavsar Naman 150170106005
Shah Jenish 150170106056
Suthar Nisarg 150170106058
Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D.
Signature of
External Faculty
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. Abstract 4
2. Introduction 5
3. AEIOU Framework 7
4. Empathy Mapping 13
5. Ideation Canvas 19
6. Project Development Canvas 24
7. Learning Needs Matrix 32
8. Mind Mapping 35
9. Literature Review 36
10. Design of Prototype 38
11. Future Scope 42
1.ABSTRACT
As Engineers it is our duty to find efficient solutions to various problems by thinking differently than the rest of the people. Thus, this project is a solution to one of the bigger problems in the industries. The project revolves around wastewater of industries and the treatment of this wastewater. There are many different methods to treat this water and make it reusable.
The project has different stages that are explained in-depth further in the report. This project is to provide clean water to the industries and nearby surrounding villagers/farmers. This project can have many better impacts on the people that are related to this type of industries.
This project is about giving an economical yet environmentally safe solution to the problem of wastewater and the consequences due to its exposure to various elements. This is done by providing the methods of treatment listed further inside.
2. INTRODUCTION
Team name: Team Nirmal
Members:
‘ Aakash: He is the resourceful one of the group. He is the person who you’d go to if you want to have access to anything out there in the market.
‘ Prabhat : He is the realist and practical one of the group. He knows ins and outs of the way everything works and he’s ready to contribute to the project.
‘ Naman : He is the optimist one. Naman has always kept everyone in high spirits with his humor and his wittiness.
‘ Jenish : He is the technical one of the group who is always to ready to put his time and effort into making this project with his technical skills.
‘ Nisarg : He is the hard-working one of the group. Nisarg is the first one to take up on any initiative and contribute towards it.
Objectives of this Project :
a. To reduce water pollution
b. To reduce water consumption
c. To recycle the wastewater
d. To make wastewater reusable
What is Design Thinking? Your understanding Design Thinking is a methodology used by designers to solve complex problems, and find desirable solutions for clients. Design Thinking draws upon logic, imagination, intuition, and systemic reasoning, to explore possibilities of what could be, and to create desired outcomes that benefit the end user (the customer). A design mind-set is not problem-focused its solution focused, and action oriented. It involves both analysis and imagination. Design thinking is generally defined as an analytic and creative process that engages a person in opportunities to experiment, create and prototype models, gather feedback, and redesign. Several characteristics (e.g., visualization, creativity) that a good design thinker should possess have been identified from the literature. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize and synthesize the research on design thinking to (a) better understand its characteristics and processes, as well as the differences between novice and expert design thinkers, and (b) apply the findings from the literature regarding the application of design thinking to our educational system.
3.AEIOU FRAMEWORK:- [AEIOU Framework – Activities] Activity:- ‘ Workers Operating Machines ‘ Incoming of Raw Materials ‘ Supervision by Site Manager ‘ Testing Procedure ‘ Labour Work ‘ Flowing of Wastewater
[AEIOU Framework ‘ Environment] Environment:- ‘ Noisy ‘ Polluted Atmosphere ‘ High Temperature ‘ Dusty Air
[AEIOU Framework ‘ Interaction] Interaction:- ‘ Owner to Manager (Guidelines) ‘ Manager to Workers/Operators (Instructions) ‘ Nearby villagers to Manager (Complains) ‘ Worker to Worker (Coordination)
[AEIOU Framework ‘ Objects] Objects:- ‘ Chemicals ‘ Machines ‘ Electrical Appliances ‘ Generators ‘ Invertors ‘ Pipelines ‘ Pumps ‘ Raw Materials
[AEIOU Framework ‘ Users] Users:- ‘ Factory ‘ Industrial Areas ‘ Farmers ‘ Villagers
[AEIOU Summary]
4. EMPATHY MAPPING Introduction :- The main aim of our project is to provide an efficient and economical solution for the wastewater produced in different industries which causes pollution and harm to the surrounding people and environment. AEIOU Summary:- In Design Engineering-IA consist of AEIOU frame work, Empathy Mapping Canvas, Ideation Canvas, Product Development Canvas. Empathy Mapping Canvas The main purpose of making this canvas is to connect students with domain emotionally. This canvas divided in four parts, User, Stack Holders, Activity and Story Boarding. First, they find out users- who is most utilized person of domain, remaining users are act as stack holders. After that they list out activities of users. Last, they make story two happy and two sad stories corresponding to user. User placed in center of story while remaining characters played by stock holders. With the help of this students are understand domain very well. In other words due to this students connect their empathy with his or her domain.
[Empathy Mapping ‘ Users] Users:- ‘ Factory ‘ Industrial Areas ‘ Farmers ‘ Villagers
[Empathy Mapping ‘ Stakeholders] Stakeholders:- ‘ Supplier ‘ Employer ‘ Investors
[Empathy Mapping ‘ Activity] Activity:- ‘ Operating Machines ‘ Incoming of Raw Materials ‘ Supervision by Site Manager ‘ Testing Procedure ‘ Labour Work ‘ Flowing of Wastewater
Story Boarding:- Happy:- We talked to the nearby villagers from this factory. When we told the villagers about this idea of treating the wastewater, they were happy to hear about it. They felt relief as their health and pollution problems may decrease by this step. Happy:- We got to talk to some workers and machine operators of the factory as well. When we talked to them and told them about this solution, they were very eager for it to happen. As a result of this project, the workers would feel safer working there. Sad:- While talking to the villagers of a nearby town, we came to know about their problems regarding the pollution generated from the wastewater of this factory. They told us about the diseases spreading because of the water. Sad:- Talking to the local farmers we came to know that the wastewater that flows through an open drain is a breeding zone for micro-organisms and they spread infectious diseases to cattle.
[Empathy Mapping Canvas]
5. IDEATION CANVAS With the help of the ideation canvas students get number of ideas to solve problem of domain, to provide better facility and to reduces domain complexity. It is divided in four segments such as (1)People, (2)Activity, (3)SituationcontextLocation, (4)Props [Ideation Canvas ‘ People] People:- ‘ Factory Owner ‘ Factory Manager ‘ Supervisor ‘ Workers ‘ Farmers ‘ Villagers
[Ideation Canvas ‘ Activity] Activity:- ‘ Workers Operating Machines ‘ Incoming of Raw Materials ‘ Supervision by Site Manager ‘ Testing Procedure ‘ Labour Work ‘ Flowing of Wastewater
[Ideation Canvas ‘ Location] Situation/Context/Location:- ‘ 5 km from Viramgam ‘ GIDC, Hansalpur ‘ 250 units in the area ‘ Factories are about 200 meters apart ‘ Very busy and polluted area
[Ideation Canvas ‘ Props/Possible Solutions] Props/Possible Solutions:- ‘ Purification by different methods ‘ Using different raw materials ‘ Using better disposal solutions ‘ Treating different waste
[Ideation Canvas]
6. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS From suitable combination they converted it in to product. They fill up product development canvas for new product. It is divided into five parts. Such as 1. Purpose 2. People 3. Product Function 4. Product Features 5. Component These parts are explained as following images and topics related to them.
[Product Development Canvas ‘ Purpose] Purpose:- ‘ Reducing water pollution ‘ Reduce water consumption ‘ Recycling of wastewater ‘ Reusing the treated water
[Product Development Canvas ‘ People] People:- ‘ Customers ‘ Employees ‘ Manager ‘ Cashier
[Product Development Canvas ‘ Product Experience] Product Experience:- ‘ Feeling much safer ‘ Much more convenience ‘ Long-term benefit economically
[Product Development Canvas – Product Functions] Product Functions:- ‘ Treatment of polluted water ‘ Reducing water consumption ‘ Recycling
[Product Development Canvas ‘ Product Experience] Product Features:- ‘ Biological process ‘ Sedimentation ‘ Aeration Control
[Product Development Canvas ‘ Components] Components:- ‘ Treatment Chamber ‘ Pipelines ‘ Pump ‘ Filters ‘ Storage Tank ‘ Settling Basin
[Product Development Canvas]
7.LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX Application Process Involved :
‘ During BE-II : Requirements Gathering
‘ During BE-III : Analysis and Planning
‘ During BE-IV : Design
[Leaning Needs Matrix]
Tools/Methods :
‘ Biological Process
‘ Sedimentation
‘ Aeration Control
‘ AEIOU Framework
Design Specification :
‘ Bacteria Analysis
‘ Long Tube Settling Test
‘ Calculate the Parameters
Testing Requirements :
‘ Laboratory space min. 28 m2
‘ Category II Treatment Plant
‘ Floors and Tables : Resistant to Chemicals
Software/Skills :
‘ Detail Oriented Skills
‘ Mechanical Knowhow
‘ Analytical Skills for Testing & Inspection
8. MIND MAPPING
[Mind Mapping Canvas]
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Wastewater Treatment.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zoltek, J.Jr.; Melear, E. L.
1978-01-01
Presents the 1978 literature review of wastewater treatment. This review covers: (1) process application; (2) coagulation and solids separation; (3) adsorption; (4) ion exchange; (5) membrane processes; and (6) oxidation processes. A list of 123 references is also presented. (HM)
2. Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment.
PubMed
Jiang, Yi; Martinez-Guerra, Edith; Gnaneswar Gude, Veera; Magbanua, Benjamin; Truax, Dennis D; Martin, James L
2016-10-01
An update on the current research and development of the treatment technologies, which utilize natural processes or passive components in wastewater treatment, is provided in this paper. The main focus is on wetland systems and their applications in wastewater treatment (as an advanced treatment unit or decentralized system), nutrient and pollutant removal (metals, industrial and emerging pollutants including pharmaceutical compounds).
3. [Research on treatment of high salt wastewater by the graphite and activated carbon fiber composite electrodes].
PubMed
Zhou, Gui-Zhong; Wang, Zhao-Feng; Wang, Xuan; Li, Wen-Qian; Li, Shao-Xiang
2014-05-01
High salinity wastewater is one of the difficulties in the field of wastewater treatment. As a new desalination technology, electrosorption technology has many advantages. This paper studied a new type of carbon-based electrodes, the graphite and activated carbon fiber composite electrodes. And the influencing factors of electrosorption and its desalination effect were investigated. The electrosorption device had optimal desalination effect when the voltage was 1.6 V, the retention time was 60 min and the plate spacing was 1 cm. The graphite and activated carbon fiber composite electrodes were used to treat the black liquor of refined cotton and sodium copper chlorophyll wastewater to investigate its desalination effect. When the electrodes were used to treat the black liquor of refined cotton after acid treatment, the removal rate of conductivity and COD reached 58.8% and 75.6% respectively when 8 pairs of electrodes were used. And when the electrode was used to treat the sodium copper chlorophyll wastewater, the removal rate of conductivity and COD reached higher than 50.0% and 13.5% respectively when 6-8 pairs of electrodes were used.
10. DESIGN FOR PROTOTYPE
[Design for Wastewater Treatment Plant]
Components/Buildings/Devices
‘ Administration Building :
The on-site administration building handles the controlling of all the devices and other buildings as well as the power and management aspects of the treatment plant.
‘ Utility Building :
The utility building is situated on the plant premises for the provision of storage of tools, parts, etc. It also holds necessary machinery and devices of safety.
‘ Laboratory :
An on-site laboratory is constructed for conducting different tests like long tube settling test, calculation of BOD and COD, finding out the amount of specific sized pollutants. A laboratory can be 28 m2 or more in area.
‘ Aeration Tank :
Aeration is used in water treatment as a pretreatment of removing iron and hydrogen sulfide from water. Air is a powerful oxidizer of both the effluants. It quickly converts unfilterable ferrous iron to filterable ferric iron, and it reduces hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulphur, which is easily removed from water by filter. It reduces the BOD and may reduce toxicity.
‘ Pipeline :
The pipeline is the main form of the transportation of wastewater from storage to treatment facilities. These pipes should be strong and corrosion resistant for a longer and steady use. They should be constructed and fitted such that it is most convenient and spacey for the plant.
‘ Power Source :
An on-site power grid is located for the production and provision of power to the various machines. This power may be electricity by government or it can be produced by using generators for emergency. All the control instruments for power control and distribution are located here.
‘ Clarifiers :
Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation. A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid or for clarification and thickening.
‘ Storage :
Storage tanks are provided for storing of the wastewater which is transported to the tanks via direct pipeline or via tankers. These tanks should have erosion resistant surfaces to avoid deterioration due to the chemical components in waste water.
‘ Pumping Station :
A pumping station is provided on the treatment plant. The station ha various pumps with different pumping capacities. These pumps are used for transporting water inside the area of the treatment plant. Stronger pumps are used where the water is carrying waste while relatively weaker pumps are used to transport treated water back to storage.
‘ Oil-Water Separator : An oil water separator (OWS) is a piece of equipment used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate components. There are many different types of oil-water separator. Each has different oil separation capability and is used in different industries. Oil water separators are designed and selected after consideration of oil separation performance parameters and life cycle cost considerations. "Oil" can be taken to mean mineral, vegetable and animal oils, and the many different hydrocarbons.
‘ Settling Tank :
A sedimentation tank allows suspended particles to settle out of water or wastewater as it flows slowly through the tank, thereby providing some degree of purification. A layer of accumulated solids, called sludge, forms at the bottom of the tank and is periodically removed.
11. FUTURE SCOPE
This project has many ways to improve in the future and be more helpful in making the surroundings less polluted. By changing a few methods or adding a few extra machines, the efficiency of this treatment plant can be increased. Also, one can also apply other methods to make it a very economical plant. Maybe a solid waste treatment and wastewater treatment plant can be made by combining the two of them. By collecting the data of the materials found in the wastewater, we can determine the methods for their treatment as well as the required specifications for designing from the calculations for various steps. For further progression of this project, a working model may be presented which shows the general flow and step-by-step stages of the treatment of wastewater.