Introduction
- Apatite is a mineral that is known for its source of phosphorous, which is use for many living things. Apatite also comes in a majority of colors, For example they are blue, green, clear, yellow, and etc. The most accepted density average of Apatite is 3.19 g/cm3. The uses of Apatite are for the making of of phosphate fertilizer, and is used chemical industries(1-N/A,N/D). Apatite can be found in many different places such as The United States, Africa, Mexico and etc(2-N/A,N/D).
- Anthracite is type of coal and is also one of the four main types of coal in the world(Sly Padhy,Sep,5,2017). Anthracite is used for used for the same purpose as other coal, to generate energy. Anthracite coal is the cleanest burning coal, because anthracite produces more heat rather than smoke(Wendy Sunshine,Apr,18,2017). Anthracite can be found and mined in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Of all the other types of coal anthracite is the rarest types of coal, also it it much more expensive than all the of types of coal.
- Garnet is a mineral group and not just one mineral(5-N/A,N/D). There are many different types of rocks that fall into the garnet mineral group,some examples of garnet are pyrope,almandine,grossular,and uvarovite. The garnet mineral group can be divided into two different groups, one group is garnet that contains calcium and the other group is garnet that contains aluminum. The types of Garnet can be found in the United States, South Africa and Brazil(Chris Ralph, Feb,2014). Garnet is used many many reasons, garnet is used for jewelry, an indicator for geologic travels, waterjet cuttings, filtering water, and abrasive powderings(Hobart King, N/D).
- Granite is one of the most common igneous rocks on Earth, and Granite can be found around the Earth’s surface(Hobart King,N/D). The use of granite is often for construction, some examples of what is built with granite are buildings,pavements,floor tiles,and bridges.Granite can be found on the Earth’s continental crust,for examples many mountain ranges have granite located in them(Charles Spencer, N/D).
Materials
- 1 Plastic Graduated Cylinder
- 4 Different Mineral Samples
- Water
- Electric Balance
- Calculator
Procedure
- Check to make sure that the mineral samples are small enough to fit into the graduated cylinder. Use tongs to handle samples. DO NOT PICK THEM UP WITH YOUR HANDS!!!
- Take a selfie with sample A
- Place sample A on the balance and record its mass in the data table.
- Place water into the Plastic Graduated Cylinder and record this volume in the data table. About 20mL of water is an adequate volume. You must record the exact volume of the water with sample A in it in the data table.
- Carefully place the sample A in the cylinder of water. Try not to spill any of the water with Sample A in it in the data table.
- Read the level of the water on the scale of the graduated cylinder. Record the level of the water with sample A in it in the data table.
- Calculate the volume of water displaced by the Sample A.
- Remove the water and mineral from the cylinder.
- Repeat steps 2-7 for samples B, C , and D.
Results
DATA TABLE #1
- Sample A
- Sample B
- Sample C
- Sample D
Observations
(What do you see?)
-Blue Color
Has little -Crystal in it.
-Smooth and Metallic looking
-Black
-Many little patterns on it
– Sharp
-very dark reddish color
Mass of Mineral (g)
10.6g
5.0g
8.5g
1.0g
Initial Volume of Water Without Mineral (mL)
57.0mL
62.0mL
78.0mL
65.0mL
Volume of Water with Mineral(mL)
60.0mL
65.0mL
81.0mL
66.0mL
Volume of Water Displaced (mL)
3.0mL
3.0mL
3.0mL
1.0mL
Volume of Water Displaced (cm3)
3cm3
3cm3
3cm3
1cm3
DATA TABLE #2
Apatite
Anthracite
Garnet
Granite
Accepted Density
3.19g/cm3
1.35g/cm3
3.865g/cm3
2.7g/cm3
Calculate the Densities of the Four Minerals
Sample A Sample B
10.6g = 3.53g/cm3 8.4g=2.8g/cm3
3cm3 3cm3
Sample C SampleD
5.0g= 1.6g/cm3 1.0g= 1g/cm3
3cm3 1.0cm3
Calculate the Percent Error
Sample A Percent Error
3.53-3.19 x 100 = 10.7%
3.19
Sample B Percent Error
1.6-1.35 x 100= 19%
1.35
Sample C Percent Error
2.8-2.7 x 100 = 3.7%
2.7
Sample D Percent Error
1.0- 3.865 x 100 = -74.1%
3.865
DATA TABLE#3
- Sample A
- Sample B
- Sample C
- Sample D
Calculated Density(g/cm3)
3.53g/cm3
1.6g/cm3
2.8g/cm3
1g/cm3
Identity by Name
Apatite
Anthracite
Granite
Garnet
Calculated Percent Error
10.7%
19%
3.7%
-74.1%
Calculating the Density of a Liquid
1)Density of Water
D=vm = 16.2g = 0.28g/cm3
57cm3
2) The Actual of Density of water is 1.00g/cm3 calculate percent error.
M-A x 100 = 0.28-1.00 x 100 = -72%
A 1.00
DATA TABLE # 4
Water
Calculated Density
0.28g/cm3
Calculated Percent Error
-72%
SELFIES
Discussion
Each of the mineral samples can range in different densities, because each of the minerals are made of different minerals or substances,for example Anthracite is not very dense because it is mostly made up of carbon, because it a type of coal. And Apatite is denser, because it is made up of more different substances than Anthracite.
The density can be a way to tell specific values of minerals, because with density you can find the mass and volume of an object determining how much of a substance you have. Another characteristic that can determine 2 minerals apart is the hardness. Hardness can determine 2 minerals, because the hardness of a mineral tells how tough it is. For example, the minerals with scratches tell us that isn’t very hard, and one that doesn’t have scratches is hard.
Subduction is when two tectonic plates collide into each other very slowly (Mary Ellen Ellis, n.d). The process of subduction is when some tectonic plates are moving around in the earth’s crust, and when two plates with the lithosphere,one of the plates can sink under one of the other. The role that density plays in subduction is that one of the tectonic plates will be denser than the other and the densest goes under the other.
References
1 and 2) GemSelect(n.d). About Apatite – History and Introduction. Retrieved
September 27, 2017 from
https://www.gemselect.com/gem-info/apatite/apatite-info.php
3). COAL Investing News(2017). Coal 101: What is Anthracite. Retrieved September 27, 2017 from https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/industrial-metals-investing/coal-investing/coal-101-what-is-anthracite/
4 The Balance(2017). All About Anthracite Coal. Retrieved September 27, 2017 from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-anthracite-coal-1182544
5. Minerals.net(n.d.). The Garnet Mineral Group. Retrieved September 27, 2017 from http://www.minerals.net/mineral/garnet.aspx
6. ICMJ”s Prospecting and Mining Journal(2013). All About Garnets. Retrieved September 27, 2017 from https://www.icmj.com/magazine/article/all-about-garnets-2324/
7. Geology.com(n.d). What is Garnet?. Retrieved September 27. 2017 from http://geology.com/minerals/garnet.shtml
8. Geology.com(n.d). What is Granite? Retrieved September 27, 2017 from http://geology.com/rocks/granite.shtml
9. Study.com(n.d.). What is granite?-Definition and Colors. Retrieved September 27, 2017 from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-granite-definition-colors-quiz.html
Originally published 15.10.2019