Essay: Development Of Y-Axis Liner Of Robotic Movement Using Arduino Base System

Abstract
For this Final Year Project (FYP) our project title is “Development Of Y-Axis Liner Of Robotic Movement Using Arduino Base System”. Various robotic tasks require different types of robotic movements. Some robotic require point by point movements, while some other tasks require movements along mathematically defined paths. Point to point movement is time optimal movement between two given point. Y-axis liner is movement from down to up measure on a 2D plane while it is movement from backward to forward measure on a 3D plane. The movement of y-axis can be inversely from point to point. In industries, the machinery and robotic sometimes use y-axis liner movement. Not just Y-axis liner but there are six axes of movement can be found in certain machine.
This project we need to make the easier way of completing a work with efficient and faster. This product will cut the costing and time for user when they use the latest product. The machine can be conduct manually or computer. If we want to make it move repeatedly, we need to computerize the machine with Arduino base system. So the machine can be control automatically without human interfere. With the robotic machine, it made the work run smoothly and on time. Using the Arduino base system to conduct the robotic movement, we need to make a programming code before the machine can do it work as need. This can help beginner for learnt it and do better to conducting the robotic machine. Our project focus on y-axis liner movement on how it function, operate, application, capability and applied.
CHAPTER 1 :INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Final year project (FYP) is a requirement for student to be awarded for Diploma by University Kuala Lumpur. This project will be carry out during the final year and student will work in a team by 2 person each group under the supervision of respective department academic members. At the end of the project, each student is required to submit proposal, report and present their project to a group of panel that to be examine our FYP.
Our group consist two persons that is Khairul Wafi bin Khairul Zuzaidy and Mohamad Rudzuanie bin Azmi. Our supervisor is Mr. Muhammad Azrie Husainy bin Mohd Jasri and Co-supervisor is Mr. Muhammad Fadli bin Ghani. As a group we had decided to choose a project that title is ‘Development Of Y-Axis Liner Of Robotic Movement Using Arduino Base System’ for our final year project.
1.2 Objective
The objectives for this project are :-
1. To design the diagram of y-axis liner using Arduino base system
2. To fabricate the y-axis liner of robotic movement using Arduino base system
3. To analyze the performance between PLC and Arduino
1.3 Problem Statement
By doing this project, we want to learnt more about y-axis liner of robotic movement. We don’t want just to know what is the y-axis movement but we will make a study about it operation, application and function. So this project help student to improve their knowledge and basic skill for them to work in machinery industries. The machine in factory use their own system to conduct it work, so there are many type of system can be use for machine operation. For our project, we want to develop the y-axis of robotic movement using arduino base system.
Now days the technology are so advanced. Every single day almost something new will be produced or launched. The technologist has been creating some product that called 3D printer. This make an easier way to build a prototype of an object before construct it to real one. So sometimes the products need an improvement to be more efficient and faster than the others. We choose the either one part of 3D printing axis to be study and improve it. What we can see is the technology just build up a small 3D printer. Thus, the object that will produced are small and need to be combined together to get a complete product or object.
We want to create a large scale of y-axis liner of robotic movement for 3D printer to holding and accommodate object on it. Other than that, we apply a system to this project so it will run automatically without human interfere and man power. It can create a large object then reduce the cost of making product and time for processing complete work.
1.4   Scope of Project
This project will focus on the y-axis liner movement of robotic movement. We want to create a base for 3D printer for placed the produced object. So the object will build up on that base. The existing product is small so we will improve it by made it in large scale. By this project, it will accommodate a large object on it and produced complete product.
The machine will use a motor and belting to push and pull the y-axis liner of robotic movement. To make the shaft motor rotating, it connected to power supply. Other than that, we can control the motor rotation speed and direction using arduino base system. This system needs a set of programming to make it function as well. Using this, we can reduce the man power or human interfere. Just write our command in programming language to make the machine work as demand.
Our project can hold up that weighing up to 10kg. It make easier to build up a small or large scale object on it. The base can support as long as it does not exceed the limit weight. Limit switch also we put to prevent the machine continue move although the programming code was given. Sometimes programming code have their own error. A design model with the controller will be fabricated to display the function of the system.
CHAPTER 2 :LITERATURE RIVIEW
2.1 Overview
The first things we need to do before fabricate the project is identify the system that we want to apply. Other than that, list all the component and it function. This will easier for us to choose which component are better and suitable to use. After we understand the system and component detail, now we design and fabricate a prototype for our project.
2.2 History
During late 1980s, several person are use additive manufacturing in rapid prototyping (RP). Someone that use RP giving them a chance to become more closely to make a research about the product and it design before they produce it. RP make the manufactures to produce any prototype with a shorter time and faster than before. It just use computer-aided design (CAD) to create their product design before produce and the 3D printer machine able to produce a product same as the design in CAD. This printing use a cross-sections layer concept that means when the layer print out it will be produce a product from the layer by layer of ABS (plastic) and PLA (nylon). Since its founding on 1986, 3D systems, based in Rock Hill, SC, has pioneered and used a variety of 3 D printing approaches. Some trademarked for the 3D printing technologies are stereolithography apparatus (SLA) and selective laser sintering (SLS). Today, the manufacture has been used 3D printing technology to make their finished product. The processes are getting faster and efficient also the materials and equipment are getting cheaper and quality product. Size of the printer machine is small like microwave oven.
 
2.3 The Research of Arduino Base System
2.3.1 What is Arduino Base System ?
Arduino is an open sources of prototyping based on easy to hardware and software. The arduino board are able to read input, it can be a switch or sensor and as automatic button component to turn it into an output. Among the arduino function are turn on the LED’s light, publishing something online, activate a motor and turn on the switches. We can give our command to the arduino board by sending an instruction to the microcontroller but we need to use a set of arduino programming code language based on the wiring that we use and the arduino processing.
Why use Arduino ?
Arduino is suitable to use at home, office, school and factory because the system is easy to use for everyone. Although that someone don’t have any skill to use it, they can learnt as fast learning because this system for beginner. They just put the input for microcontroller to process and get the output. Most of small machine today use arduino base system so it easy to conduct and make it function as we demand.
It uses to build a low cost scientific instrument, to prove chemistry and physics principles or to get started with programming and robotics. Designer and architects build interactive prototype, musicians and artists use for installation to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers of course used it to build many of the projects exhibited. There are lot of arduino function so we choose it for our system.
2.3.2 Electrical Motor
Electrical motor is an actuator that converts electrical energy into a rotational type of movement, although a linear motor also available. They are interface between the electrical and mechanical systems of a facility. Now day electrical motors are important part for electrical system like machine. Motor have been use throughout every manufacturing plant, office and home consuming about 64% of all electrical generated. The electrical motors basically have two types and different characteristic that are AC motor and DC motor. Based on these review of characteristic, these motor can be chosen for a specific application.
DC Motor
A DC motor is operated on direct current and it is a very simple electric motor. The DC motor moves due to the torque generated by the electro-magnetic field. A simple DC motor uses electrical coil and magnets of opposite polarity. A simple DC motor uses electric coil and magnets of opposite polarity. As we know that the magnets will attracts with opposite poles and it will repels each other with same poles. The electric coil used in the DC motor acts as an electromagnet and it function is to switch the polarity of the magnets as the current flow. Thus, it will keep the motor maintain running. In a typical DC motor, the electromagnet is placed in core and it moves along with the permanent magnets. Well this arrangement can be vary in different models of DC motor.
Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulse into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequences. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor shaft rotation. The speed of the motor shaft rotation is directly related to frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied. Because of the discrete step operation, stepper motor can easily be rotate a finite fraction of a rotation at a time, such as 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 degrees. It particularly well suited to applications that require accurate positioning and repeatability with fast response to starting, stopping, reversing, control speed and its ability to hold the large load steady once a require position is achieved.