Abstract
The Project is a design approach to demonstrate a vertical and linear rotary motion converted from a falling mass. The design of the mechanism seeks to incorporate a calculative concept on how a coin will be sustainable to move a wooden block by a certain length. However, the problem is in what designs and dimensions are reasonable to be able to perform the mechanism projected. Therefore, this paper is aimed at determining the prospective mechanism by calculating and discussing the design and improving its faults using integrated methods. This was validated by logical calculations through Trigonometry, Force Analysis, Velocity and Acceleration Diagram. It is expected that through the incorporation of sustainable properties in terms of material and weight, it will manifest the objected performance of the mechanism and prove its sustainability to do the work.
Table of Contents
List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………… 5
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………. 7
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 9
Aim ……………………………………………………………………………….9
Objective…………………………………………………………………………..9
Theory……………………………………….…………………………………….9
Fast Diagram……………………………………………………………………..10
Methodology ………….……………………………………………………………… 11
Conceptualization of the System Mechanism…………………………………….11
Initial concept……………………………………………………………..11
Finalization of Design……………………………………………………..14
Free Body Diagram and Calculations………………………………………………18
Parts of Mechanism………………………………………………………………23
Manufacturability…………………………………………………………………28
Fits and Tolerance……………………………………….…………………28
Material Characteristics and Costing…………..…………………………31
Discussions ……………………………………………………………..…….…….. 34
Polyvinyl Chloride as a material replacement…………..………………..………34
Problems Faced……………………………………………………….…………35
Originality………………………………………………………………..35
Calculations………………………………………………………………35
Recommendation…………………………………………………………………36
Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………37
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………38
List of References……………………………………………………………………47
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: First concept sketch
Figure 1.2: Second concept sketch
Figure 1.3: Third concept sketch
Figure 1.4: Fourth concept sketch
Figure 1.5: Fifth concept sketch
Figure 1.6: Fifth concept sketch
Figure 1.7: Crank Slider
Figure 1.8: First 3D Design
Figure 1.9: Second 3D Design
Figure 1.10: Final 3D Design
Figure 2.1: :Free body diagram of Piston
Figure 2.2: Free body diagram of Joint
Figure 2.3: Free body diagram of Lever
Figure 2.4: Free body diagram of Rod
Figure 2.5: Falling Coin
Figure 2.6: Free body diagram of the mechanism
Figure 3.1: Singapore Coin
Figure 3.2: Members
Figure 3.3: Piston
Figure 3.4: Screw
Figure 3.5: Washer
Figure 3.6: Crankshaft
Figure 3.7: Crank
Figure 3.8: Key
Figure 3.9: Clearance
Figure 3.10: Interference
Figure 3.11: Transition
Figure 3.12: Fits and Tolerance
Figure 4.1: Washer’s Drawing
Figure 4.2: Screw Type A’ Drawing
Figure 4.3: Screw Type B’s Drawing
Figure 4.4: Weight’s Drawing
Figure 4.5: Piston’s Holder’s Drawing
Figure 4.6: Piston’s Drawing
Figure 4.7: Follower’s Drawing
Figure 4.8: Support’s Drawing
Figure 4.9: Lever’s Drawing
Figure 4.10: Crank’s Drawing
Figure 4.11: Arm Follower 40.85’s Drawing
Figure 4.12: Coin support’s Drawing
Figure 4.13: Coin stand’s Drawing
Figure 4.14: Bearing’s Drawing
Figure 4.15: Base’s Drawing
Figure 4.16: Pin’s Drawing
Figure 4.17: Bill of Materials
Figure 4.18: Exploited View
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Piston’s Acceleration
Table 1.2: Piston’s Reaction Force
Table 1.3: Piston’s Friction Force
Table 1.4: Piston’s Total Force
Table 1.5: Pin’s Friction Force
Table 1.6: Joint’s Friction Force
Table 1.7: Lever’s Friction Force
Table 1.8: Weight of Connecting Rod
Table 1.9: Balancing Weight
Table 1.10: Singapore Coin
Table 1.11: Time
Table 1.12: Final Velocity
Table 1.13: Force
Table 2.1: Singapore Coin
Table 2.2: Member
Table 2.3: Piston
Table 2.4: Screw
Table 2.5: Washer
Table 2.6: Crankshaft
Table 2.7: Crank
Table 2.8: Key
Table 2.9: Clearance
Table 3.1: Balsa’s Price
Table 3.2: Clear Cast’s Price
Table 3.3: Coloured Acrylic’s Price
Table 3.4: Steel’s Price
Table 4.1: PVC’s Price
Introduction
Aim
This project aims to develop the group’s capability in innovating a creative mechanical mechanism through analysis, integrated problem solving skills, experimental methods and the application of a software tool, Solid Works
Objective of the study
The objective of this mechanical design is to be able to construct an innovative mechanism that will be able to self-operate a system by converting a linear falling mass into a rotary motion along the vertical and horizontal plane. Also, the application of a formative mathematical process to prove the operation of the system and the use of Solid Works to assemble the components and simulate the mechanism.
Theory
The movement of an object can be classified in three different ways. Movement can be linear (in a straight line), angular (in a circular or rotary fashion), or a mix of linear and angular, which we simply call general motion
Linear motion describes a situation in which movement occurs in a straight line. Linear motion can also be called translation, but only if all parts of the object move the same distance, in the same direction, and in the same time frame. Many terms are used to refer to angular motion. They can refer to rotating, spinning, swinging, circling, turning, rolling, pirouetting, somersaulting, and twisting. the movements include quarter turns (90 degrees); half turns (180 degrees); and full turns, or “revs” (revolutions), which are multiples of 360 degrees. Slam dunk competitions are a great example of basketball players showing off their “360s.” To produce angular motion, movement has to occur around an axis. You can think of an axis as the axle of a wheel or the hinge on a door. An athlete’s body has many joints, and they all act as axes.
Fast Diagram
Methodology
2.1 Conceptualization of the System Mechanism
2.1.1 Initial concept
Figure.1.1: First concept sketch
The first mechanism sketched relies on the potential energy from the coin that is dropped from a height in Pipe 1. The energy would cause an impact on the rotating wheel causing it to make a rotary motion. The coin will continue on to roll into pipe 2 and the cycle continues. The only problem with this concept is there is no linear motion included.
Figure 1.2: Second concept sketch
The second mechanism sketched was an improvement on the first sketch with the same concept. Here a linear motion is added by adding arms on the rotating wheel. As the coin spins the rotating wheel it drags the arm. As the arm gets drag the wooden block attached to it will then be pulled horizontally causing a linear motion. This may satisfy the linear and rotary motion requirement yet it doesn’t satisfy the fact that the coin needs to trigger a segment of a mechanism for the linear and rotary motion to activate and not the coin directly activates the motions itself. Therefore, this sketch is discarded.
Figure 1.3: Third concept sketch
The third mechanism sketched is a complex concept. It operates when the coin drops and makes an impact on fixed arms and the coin stays in it. This will trigger the hammer and it will then hit the coin causing it to move along the path into the rotating wheel. Same as the second concept, as the coin triggers the wheel to rotate, it will then pull the wooden block supported by an arm connected onto the rotating wheel. This mechanism satisfied the requirement but it is too complex and therefore hard to manipulate.
Figure 1.4: Fourth concept sketch
The fourth mechanism sketched operated by a coin falling from a certain height and triggering the first arm. The force made by the coin then activates the first arm it then triggers the second and third arm to vacillate, this causes a rotary motion. As the third arm goes down, it is connected to a wooden block causing it to be pulled and pushed horizontally, this therefore causes a linear motion. This mechanism satisfied the requirement but the group had a hard time doing the calculations.
Figure 1.6: Fifth concept sketch
Figure 1.5: Fifth concept sketch
The fifth mechanism sketched is the finalized concept made by the group. It operates as the coin drops and makes an impact onto an arm linked to the crank. The impact causes the crank to rotates causing a rotary motion. After the coin drops, it has a weight that brings it back to its original position. The crank has an arm linked to the piston, as the crank rotates the arm then pulls and pushes the circular block horizontally, this therefore causes the linear motion.
2.1.2 Finalization of Design
The inspiration for our final design was a crank slider. The slider-crank mechanism is an assembly of mechanical parts designed to convert a linear motion to a rotary motion, for example a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to a linear motion, such as a positive displacement piston pump. The following image depicts the mechanism of a standard slider-crank assembly.
Figure 1.7: Crank Slider
One of the parts that make up the crank slider is the piston, which slides back and forth in a linear motion. The follower arm connects to a pin at the piston as well as to the crank arm. The pin at the piston is considered to be on the linear movement axis. In order for it to be an in-line slider crank and not an offset slider crank, the pivot point of the crank arm must be coincident with that of the pin on the piston. With an in-line crank slider, the motion of the crank and follower links is symmetric about the sliding linear axis. This means that the crank angle required to execute a forward stroke is equivalent to the angle required to perform a reverse stroke.
The first design was that of an engine piston assembly which is illustrated below;
Figure 1.8 First 3D Design
The principle of this design was that the coin would drop into the coin slot and onto the lever and the moment generated would rotate it, generating a torque that is transferred to the shaft to the crank and to the piston.
Group members decided that the design of the follower arm and supports is too complicated for the drawing and had to keep in m of the cost needed to create such an assembly.
Another design is that of a two piston mechanism as shown below;
Figure 1.9 Second 3D Design
The principle of this design is similar to that of the first assembly, in which moment from the coin creates a torque that causes the crank to move the two pistons in a linear and horizontal manner.
Group members felt that 2 pistons is a little bit too excessive and rather have stick to one due to added calculations created by the extra piston and member. Having an extra piston also affects the overall cost for the assembly.
The design for this assembly however is simple yet effective and meets the requirements of this project.
Members proposed that these two designs could merge together and hence, the final design is locked into place.
The result for the final design is shown below;
Figure 1.10 Final 3D Design
The final principle of this design is that the coin would be dropped into the coin slot and onto the lever below. The force generated from the coin would transfer onto the lever, creating moment.
This moment would generate a torque in the shaft and hence would rotate along with the lever. This torque is also transferred to the crankshaft resulting in a rotary motion and to the piston, making it move in a linear horizontal direction. After the deed is done, a weight in the middle of the crank shaft would cause the whole mechanism to reset in its original position, awaiting the next coin.
2.2 Free Body Diagram and Calculations
To find the force needed by the piston to move 2 cm in 1 second, the group calculated the unknowns. Firstly the group calculated the acceleration.
Acceleration
Formula d = 1/2 at^2
Solution 0.02 = 1/2*a*1^2
a = 0.02/2
Answer a = 0.04 m/sec2
After looking for the acceleration the group then found the reaction force made by the piston.
Reaction Force
Formula N = m*g
Solution N = 0.00148 * 9.81
Answer N = 0.0145188 N
The group then found the friction force produced by the piston in relation to the reaction force.
Friction Force
Formula Ff = * N
Solution Ff = 0.3* 0.0145188
Answer Ff = 0.00435564 N
Finally after finding all of the unknowns, the group has then found the total force needed by the piston to move 2 cm in 1 second.
Total Force
Formula F-Ff = m*a
Solution F = 0.00435564 + (0.00148 * 0.04)
Answer F = 0.00441484 N
The group then calculated the friction force produced by the rotating pins. There are 4 rotating pins in total, that are being affected by the force made by the piston.
Pin Friction Force
Formula Ff = F**r*4
Solution Ff = 0.00441484 *0.3*0.00175*4
Answer Ff = 0.000009271164 N
After calculating the friction force of the pins we then now found the friction force of two joints being affected by the crank.
Joint Friction Force
Formula Ff = m*g**r*2
Solution Ff = 0.00026*9.81*0.3*0.00175*2
Answer Ff = 0.00000267813 N
Lastly, we then found the friction force of the lever.
Lever Friction Force
Formula Ff = m*g**r
Solution Ff = 0.00003*9.81*0.3*0.00175
Answer Ff = 0.000001545075 N
Weight of Connecting Rod
Formula Wcr = m*g*2
Solution Ff = 0.0001*9.81*2
Answer Ff = 0.001962 N
For the mechanism to do a repeatable action the weight of the balancing weight should be equal or more than the weight of piston, connecting rods, levers, and joint. Also in consideration are the total friction produced by the 7 different pins as well as the total force required to move the piston
Balancing weight
Formula Wt = (all friction force )+ (weight of all the components) + (force required to move the piston)
Solution Wt = (0.000001545075 + 0.00000267813 + 0.000009271164) + (0.001962+0.0002943+0.0025506+0.0145188) + (0.00441484)
Answer Wt = 0.02375403 N
Mt = 0.00242141 kg
For the impact of the coin we used the relationship between the potential and kinetic energy in regards to its weight to find the average forced produced by the object.
m = mass, g = gravity, h = height, v = velocity, W = weight, F = force, d = distance
Initial PE = Final KE
First we found the mass of a S$1 Coin. There were two different types and we chose the one that has a higher mass value, therefore the coin used is the Third Series S$1 coin.
Second Series S$1 Coin Third Series S$1 Coin
Image
Diameter 22.40 mm 24.65 mm
Thickness 2.40 mm 2.50 mm
Material Aluminium Bronze Brass and Nickel
Weight 6.3 g 7.62
Mass, (m= w/g)
6.3/1000 = 0.0063 7.62/1000 = 0.00762
Then we found the time using its relation with the displacement formula. Given that the displacement is 20 cm.
Time
Formula d = 1/2 at^2
Solution 0.2 = 1/2*9.81*t^2
=√((2*0.2)/9.81)
Answer t = 0.202 sec
Final Velocity
Formula a = (v_f-v_i)/t
Solution a = (v_f-0)/0.202
Answer Vf = 1.981 m/s
After finding the time we can now find the force made by the coin as it drops 20 cm above the beam.
Force
Formula
Solution (1/2*0.00762*〖1.981〗^2)/0.2
Answer
0.074759077
2.3 Parts of the Mechanism
i) Coin
$1 Singapore Coin
Weight 7.62g
Material Nickel Plated Steel
Diameter 24.65mm
Thickness 2.5mm
A fixed object that will be used is the one dollar Third Series Singapore coin. The Third Series Coins are minted on multi-ply plated steel, comprising a steel core electroplated with three layers of metals – nickel over copper over nickel for silver-coloured coins; brass over copper over nickel for gold-coloured coins. The coins are generally lighter in mass and produce a lower pitch tone when struck against hard objects. The dimensions and material of the said coin will be illustrated by the table below;
Figure 3.1 Coin
ii) Members
Members
Length 45mm
Thickness 2.5mm
Material
Weight
Members or beams are longitudinal members that supports vertical loads or moments and are usually subjected to tension, compression and moment (torsion).The members that are to be used for the mechanism will be made out of balsa wood, having in total of 2 with the lengths of 45mm. Circles with a diameter of 3.5mm will be bored into these members so as to insert the bearings. The weight and dimension of the members will be featured on the table
below.
iii) Piston
The piston can either transform the energy of expanding gasses in mechanical energy or it could compress or eject fluids or gas in a cylinder. Pistons are commonly made of aluminium or cast iron and have several metal rings encircling it to act as a seal as well as reduce the friction by minimizing the contact area between piston and cylinder wall. Its movement is strictly linear in the cylinder and is put into motion by a crank mechanism.
Piston
Radius 25mm
Length 15mm
Weight
Material
iv) Screws
Hex bolts have hexagonal heads and machine threads for use with a nut or in a tapped hole. Hexagon screw head bolts are made from a variety of materials to accommodate the wide range of applications in which the bolts are used. Stainless steel is selected due to its cheap cost and it is resistant to corrosion. The head of the hex bolt is 5mm in diameter and the length and diameter of the screw itself is 2.5mm and 6-12mm respectively.
Hex Bolt
Diameter of head 5mm
Diameter of thread 2.5mm
Length of thread 6mm, 12mm
Material
v) Washers
Washers are sometimes used to protect the surface of the assembled parts. A nut or bolt head being turned during the tightening process can mar the part surface around the hole and a washer can be used to take the abuse as opposed to the part. This may be particularly applicable when the parts are a softer material such as plastic, brass or aluminium and a washer made of a harder material is used. A standard flat washer chart is used to determine the dimensions of the washer used in this project.
Washer
Inner Diameter 2.7mm
Outer Diameter 5.7mm
Thickness 0.45mm
Material
vi) Crankshaft
The general purpose of the crankshaft is to convert rotary motion to a horizontal linear motion or vice versa depending on the system, which in this case the rotary motion is caused by the impact of the coin and transferring the force to crankshaft and thus moving the piston in a linear motion. Since the eccentricity for this slider crank is zero, it is considered an in-line slider crank and not an offset slider crank. An in-line crank slider is oriented in a way in which the pivot point of the crank is coincident with the axis of the piston movement.
The amount of offset determines the stroke (distance the piston travels).
Crankshaft
Material
Weight
vii) Crank
A crank is a lever that is attached to a shaft. It is used to apply torque to the shaft or conversely, when the shaft is rotating, torque is applied to the lever.
Crank
Material
Weight
Shaft
Shafts are mechanical power transmission elements that are mainly used in for transmitting rotary motion and torque from one point to another point. In this project the shaft is used to transfer the energy from the coin to the slider crank mechanism.
ix) Key
The key is a small element whose shape tends to vary based on its type. It is basically used for transmitting rotary motion and torques which for this case by fitting itself between the shaft and the crank. In certain cases it also tends to act as a fuse by destroying itself before the shaft or the mechanical element is damaged completely.
Dimensions for the key are 0.875mm x 0.875mm x 1.5mm.
Key
Length 1.5mm
Thickness 0.875mm
Width 0.875mm
Material
2.4 Manufacturability
2.4.1 Fit and Tolerance
During the assembly of two parts, the relation from the difference of their sizes before assembling it is called a fit. A fit could be defined as a degree clearance and tightness between the two mating partings. There are three types of fit; clearance, interference and transition.
Clearance
In a clearance fit, the difference between the size of the hole and the shaft is always positive and there can be a maximum clearance, in which the measurement of the hole is at its maximum and the shaft is at its minimum, or a minimum clearance; in which is the minimum size of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft.
Interference
In an interference fit however, the difference between the size of the hole and the shaft is negative, meaning the shaft is always larger than the hole. The interference may be at a maximum or minimum; maximum being that the size of the hole is at its minimal whereas the size of the shaft is at its max, or minimum interference being the size of the hole is the maximum and shaft is minimum.
Transition
Transition is somewhere in between clearance and interference, where the tolerence zones of the holes and shaft overlap.
Determining the Fit
The standardized nomenclature of the shaft/hole fitting chart are split into the hole basis and the shaft basis fits. Each hole and shaft designation has a required tolerance range depending on the size of the hole and/or shaft. This two tolerance range, when compared together, characterizes the fit and control the size of both the hole and shaft. Below is the fit and tolerance chart that will be followed when designing the shaft and hole.
The fitting will be chosen by looking at the table. Since the design for the hole is 3.5mm, the range between 3-6mm is chosen and since the joints will be moving, a clearance fitting is considered, in this case normal running, which results in the fitting of H8-f7.
2.4.2 Material Characteristics and Costing
A) BALSA
Balsa is a wood that is famous worldwide. And while its density and mechanical values can vary significantly depending on the growing conditions of any particular tree, it is generally the lightest and softest of all commercial woods, ranging from 8 to 14 pounds per cubic foot. Yet despite its softness, Balsa is technically classified as a hardwood, rather than a softwood, since it has broad leaves and is not a conifer.
Balsa is very easy to work with virtually no dulling effect on cutters; yet because of its extremely low density, fuzzy surfaces can be a problem when using dull cutters. Balsa generally should not be used to hold nails, with glue being the preferred method of joining. Balsa stains and finishes well, though it has a tendency to soak up large quantities of material on the initial coats.
The Price of high quality Balsa (that is, Balsa with a very low density) can be rather expensive when purchased at hobby stores or other specialty outlets. Larger boards and lumber sold through typical hardwood dealers is hard to find, but generally has a better cost per board-foot than other sources.
Laminated 1-ply custom balsa sheet price
Thickness
(inches) Price
(Square foot)
1/8 $10
1/4 $5.63
1/2 $8.44
1 $14.06
B) ACRYCLIC
Acrylic is a transparent thermoplastic homopolymer known more commonly by the trade name “plexiglass.” The material is similar to polycarbonate in that it is suitable for use as an impact resistant alternative to glass
Acrylic is an incredibly useful plastic for applications requiring transparency where high impact resistance is not an issue. Acrylic is very scratch resistant compared to other clear plastics. It is a lighter alternative to glass and an economic substitute for polycarbonate in applications where strength is not a crucial factor. It can be cut into extremely fine shapes using laser cutting technology because the material vaporizes upon impact with the concentrated laser energy
Acrylic is readily available and inexpensive. It is a good alternative to Polycarbonate when material strength is not a decision factor. they are made commercially available in a variety of colors (perhaps translucent and perhaps not), the raw material allows for the internal transmission of light nearly in the same capacity as glass which makes it a wonderful substitute.
Clear cast
acrylic
Thickness
(inches) Price
(Square foot)
1/8 $4.20
1/4 $8.10
1/2 $18.07
1 $40.32
Coloured
acrylic
Thickness
(inches) Price
(Square foot)
1/8 $5.53
1/4 $10.95
1/2 $29.44
1 $65.69
IRON
Iron is a lustrous, ductile, malleable, silver-grey metal (group VIII of the periodic table). It is known to exist in four distinct crystalline forms. Iron rusts in damp air, but not in dry air. It dissolves readily in dilute acids. Iron is chemically active and forms two major series of chemical compounds, the bivalent iron (II), or ferrous, compounds and the trivalent iron (III), or ferric, compounds.
Steel is the best known alloy of iron, and some of the forms that iron takes include: pig iron, cast iron, carbon steel, wrought iron, alloy steels, iron oxides. Iron is the most used of all the metals, including 95 % of all the metal tonnage produced worldwide. Thanks to the combination of low cost and high strength it is indispensable.
Type Price (Metric Ton)
Hot Rolled Coil (304) $145.4
Hot Rolled Coil (316) $152.5
Hot Rolled Plate (304) $140.4
Hot Rolled Plate (316) $155.0
Cold Rolled Coil (304) $134.9
Hot Rolled Coil (316) $146.8
Hot Rolled Coil (430) $143.4
Discussions
The conversion of force to rotary and linear outputs in which was done by creating an angular torque on the crank shaft by the crank lever and converting it into a linear force on the piston by the follower arm. The torque of a force depends on the force’s magnitude and direction, and also on location of the point where the force is applied. This is defined as the product of the force (acting on a rotating body) and its lever arm. With a Singapore $1 dollar coin as the only outside force, this mechanism is able to perform an entire cycle, to enable the piston to compress and reset itself. This function, a compressor, is the main focus of the group’s project and serves an important role in a system. It can be found in many parts of settings from water guns and car engines to high–grade industrial compressor.
3.1 Polyvinyl Chloride as a material replacement
The group has therefore chosen to replace balsa wood with the material PVC, though it is slight heavier than balsa wood, it is resistant to degradation unlike balsa wood, which is perishable and this conforms the use of the mechanism for a much longer time.
It is also relatively strong, cheap and readily available making it still a budget friendly mechanism that brings out the outmost potential of the mechanism. Though heavier than balsa wood, by the complexity of the mechanism using the balancing weight, it still could manage to do the job for the mechanism without any hinderances.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymers in the world It is used most commonly in the construction industry but is also used for signs, healthcare applications, and as a fibre for clothing.
Rigid PVC in particular has very high density for a plastic making it extremely hard and generally very strong Some of PVC plastic’s most important characteristics include its relatively low price, its resistance to environmental degradation, high hardness, and outstanding tensile strength for a plastic in the case of rigid PVC.
40 PVC Pipe
Pipe size
(inches) Price
(Square foot)
1/2 $1.95
1 $3.91
2 $6.90
3 $13.90
3.2 Problems Faced
The team faced with numerous problems when handling this project. Firstly, the team misunderstood the task given, assuming that the coin had to move accordingly to the horizontal and vertical planes assigned, causing some initial concepts to be scraped entirely. Secondly, there was the lack of knowledge on force analysis, causing the design of the mechanism to change frequently due to math complexity. The delay was extended even more when the group split up to research on force analysis individually, accumulating multiple, and often inaccurate results. Leading to more confusion and indecisiveness leading up to the project. Lastly, the selection of materials for the conceptual designs are entirely based on the mass of the material rather than the feasibility of it, for fear that the force generated by the coin dropping could not trigger the mechanism.
3.2.1 Originality
The mechanism was built upon the idea of the slider crank and hence, this mechanism was not entirely original. The final design, though it fulfilled the criteria and expectations set by the problem, is very much simple and does not store creativity behind it. However there are merits in a simple design. Troubleshooting the design takes substantial lesser amount of time and effort. Furthermore, the materials usage for the design is economical and low-cost, enabling it for cheap mass production if necessary. Following on, a simple design could be used as a base to allow for more complicated modification in the future.
3.3 Recommendations
Going through the design process, there are several recommendations for improvements for the current and future design. For the current design, as the force calculated from the coin dropped was able to trigger and start the mechanism, perhaps the mechanism design could be more ambitious such as to add in a higher function, such as another piston in the tube, or another rotary motion at the end of the other side of the crank-joint. This enables the mechanism to serve another function rather than simply a piston compressor by itself. However, more calculations needs to be done as the force generated by the coin dropping may not be enough.
Conclusion
The design of this mechanism to convert a force to a rotary and linear output is definitely not new, with extended research being done upon it, however, it is not to be overlooked as being the foundation, and is the basis for much complicated systems to come.
Despite all, the quality of work presented in this report fulfil the criteria at a low cost and was successful in its goals, crafting a new outlook and hopefully generating new interest that effectively encourage to further contribute to this area of study or develop new and efficient ideas to improve designing as a whole.
Appendix
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