Introduction: Water pollution is a problem among the world’s major problems which would require reconsideration of the water resources policy in all areas. And water pollution is the main cause of deaths and diseases in the world.
Water is the source of life for Humans, plants, and animals, and if the water exposed to pollution, it is occur an imbalance in the ecosystem, and this pollution is alters the chemical composition and physical of water, making it unfit for humans to use for drinking or for anything else, as well as animals and also it does not fit use in agriculture or industry.
Water pollution patterns: Water pollution can be categorized as follows: Natural Pollution and Chemical of Pollution. Natural pollution is the one who changes the natural properties of water, in making it unusable, and so by changing temperature or salinity, color, whether out of an organic or inorganic. And high salinity of the water leads to an increase in quantity of steam in lakes and rivers, and this leads to a change in color and taste, and the acquisition of an unpleasant odor, and thus becomes unfit to drink or use. And Chemical pollution of the water of the most acute problems for humans, because of the existence of hazardous chemicals such as mercury, lead, cadmium… and there is soluble type and other type accumulates in organisms living in the water like a fish.
Reasons of water pollution: Due to the numerical activities for humans to the environment causing water pollution and we mention some of the causes of water pollution as follows:
Pollution residues sewage is one of the biggest problems, and because of its hazardous aspects of human health, where sewage water containing very large bacteria causing many diseases to humans, such as inflammatory diseases of the liver, kidney and nervous system, diarrhea, cholera, fever, gastroenteritis and to other diseases, and through several uses either drinking or bathing or residence near the contaminated water, and even eating fish that are found in this contaminated water.
As well as the sewage is faecal (waste water cycles, detergent, industrial, and bacteria), as well as the water used in the factories for different purposes and is drained the water into bodies of water like rivers, lakes and seas, which lead to a decline in the proportion of oxygen in the water and this in turn leads to the death of aquatic organisms and water rot.
Oil pollution is one of the largest sources of water pollution through leakage of petroleum products to the sea, and through oil tankers and products accidents or because of damage the pipeline oil from offshore to the beaches, and also throw waste oil into the sea from oil tankers during the journey, or the sinking of the oil tanker or a collision, as happened in the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in April 2010 of what is known incident of “Deepwater Horizon”, which led to more than 4,500 barrels of leaking, and there are many examples, as shown in the below table:
Oil also a serious impact on marine species of fish and invertebrates and shellfish and mammals, coral reefs and sea birds so that leads to harm them, and also affect the inshore tourist products.
Agricultural waste significant environmental problem because of the lack of awareness of the seriousness, and many countries are trying to find ways to minimize this problem for fear of the damage caused by them, and is a major dilemma for both developing and developed countries.
Agricultural waste is the pesticides and fertilizers that are disposed of in watercourses, and that lead to the water pollution of hydrocarbons, toxic salts and fats, bacteria and other wastes, and therefore this gathering leads to the waste to chemical pollutants and agriculture fertilizers.
The use of pesticides leads to an imbalance in the ecological balance through the various elements of the environment contaminating soil, water, plants and animals and it became more difficult to re-balance, and places exposed to pollution with pesticides include groundwater and wells, rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Thus pesticide residues represent a serious problem for human health and the rest of organisms.
Agricultural fertilizers are also among the causes of water pollution and because of its consequences on human health and living organisms in general, which leads to several serious diseases and deaths. The high proportion of phosphate compounds in water lead to severe damage to the organisms that live in the water. As well as the high percentage of nitrate compounds in plants is the most serious problem to human life and give some examples in the table below:
Industrial waste is waste from industrial and manufacturing activities from the factories, and that the speed of industrial progress and non-proper ways to dispose of industrial waste is one of the causes of water pollution. So that it is disposed of in bodies of water from the seas, rivers and lakes, which affects organisms, especially organisms that live water such as fish and marine mammals, birds and others.
Prevention of water pollution measures
Water pollution is a major cause of disease and death, especially in developing countries, and to preserve the natural water must be enacted strict regulations in order to reduce fresh water pollution and should be educated human in a different ways from various media. As well as the need to improve the methods of treating the public water sources and wastewater treatment obliged to fill the need for water, and due to the rising population and the industrial and agricultural progress and what you need industry and agriculture of the water.
In the end, the study of the subject of water pollution is a very important topic and necessary and searchable is very important because of the developments of human activities, and what hurts to accumulate and combines these wastes and therefore resulting in water pollution. Without water there is no life on Earth. For this reason, the international organizations should impose stringent laws and regulations to all countries, also it must be international cooperation and solidarity in order to reduce this type of pollution, as well as should be educated human being how dangerous and the severity of water pollution in various ways. The objective is to human life and live a stable and safe a life without of risks and diseases, and far from all aspects of fear and horror of this crisis, which could get because there are a lot of symptoms that indicate an impending crisis.