Epilepsy
It is a disorder in brain which is characterized by recurrent seizures or muscle jerks to severe and prolonged convulsions.
Source: Alarcon, G. (2009). Epilepsy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cause/s
It can be caused by lack of oxygen, genetic or damage to any part of brain.
Main characteristics
- Skin colour will be blue and have problem in breathing.
- Movements are jerking and the arms and legs are stiffened.
Physical support
Provide safety to reduce the risk of injury and accident and educate regarding support need and proper medication e.g. anti epileptic medications.
Social support
Encourage them to go out and make more friends and communicate with each other so that they do not feel socially isolate.
Cognitive support
Children with epilepsy may not able to learn or memorize so extra support is needed like memory aid, visual aid.
Cerebral palsy
It is a neurological disorder which appears in infancy or early childhood.
Source: Behrman, R. E., Butler, A. S., & Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes. (2007). Preterm birth: Causes, consequences, and prevention. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
Causes
It can be caused by birth injury or lack of oxygen.
Main characteristics
- They have eye sight problem like farsightedness, nearsightedness, and strabismus.
- Muscle of child is abnormally contract and stiff.
Physical support
- Providing mobility aids e.g. walker, crutches, and wheelchair.
- Supporting in daily activities like feeding, showering, grooming, dressing.
Social support
Encourage them to go out and make more friends and communicate with each other so that they do not feel socially isolate.
Cognitive support
- Children if they are unable to speak correctly or fluently then speech therapy are given.
- Support them in education and encourage them to learn by using flash card, wall chart, painting, and drawing.
Pradar willi syndrome
Source: Stratton, K. R., Howe, C. J., Battaglia, F. C., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.), Division of Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders, Institute of Medicine (U.S..), . . . Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
Causes
- Error or defect in paternal genes on chromosome 15
- Missing of chromosome 15
Main characteristics
- Bi frontal skull is narrow.
- Newborn are small in size and floppy.
Physical support
Children with pradar willi syndrome need maintaining in weight encourage them in doing daily activities and giving them proper medications so that they can live happy life.
Social support
Encourage them to go out and make more friends and communicate with each other so that they do not feel socially isolate.
Cognitive support
Client need full support in their routines about meal and educate about managing own diet.