Etiology and susceptibility to antibiotics in positive urine culture.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are defined as microbial infiltration of the sterile urinary tract [1]. They are considered the most common bacterial infections associated with high morbidity across the globe, currently a serious public health problem [2, 3]. Urinary tract infections are more common in women due to anatomical and hormonal differences. In terms of … Read more

What factors have increased the risk of opioid overdose and deaths?

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, since the year of 1999, the number of deaths involving prescription opioids have quadrupled. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) works diligently to assure that the prescription drugs available to consumers are safe. According to the Food and Drug Administration site, in … Read more

Geriatric dental care in the dementia patient

Abstract Geriatric dental care in the dementia patient is important to prevent various illnesses, as well as preventing side effects that are common among the diverse  medications that these patients are taking. Dementia is a disease that causes damage to brain cells. It also causes patients to have memory loss of learning. Dementia starts out … Read more

CDSS-RM: A Clinical Decision Support System Reference Model

Abstract Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) provide aid in clinical decision making and therefore need to replicate human, data interactions, and cognitive functions of decision makers. This paper classifies important considerations of CDSS design into six elements that formulate a high-level reference model (CDSS-RM). These elements are introduced in form of questions, and examined with … Read more

Devaluation of walking in today’s world

Rebecca Solnit’s essay “Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche” is an excerpt from one of her books, “Wanderlust: A History of Walking”. This essay primarily focuses on the devaluation of walking in today’s world. She argues that our society no longer appreciates the idea of walking. According to Solnit, industrialization is one of the core reasons … Read more

Childhood and adolescent depression (case study/interview)

Depression is a disorder that affects the way one feels, and perceives the world. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), 7% of individuals between 18 and 29-year-olds suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Another subset of the population that suffers from depression are children and adolescents, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, … Read more

Frequency of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of NMS in patients of PD presenting to movement disorder clinic at tertiary care centre in Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from August 2015 to December 31st 2016. METHODOLOGY: Out of consecutive 102 patients, 85 were included. Diagnosis of … Read more

Autism spectrum disorder is a disease limited to humans

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a human neurological and behavioural disease, seen in 1 on 88 births in the United States. In this review, it will be studied if ASD is a human disease or also a non-human primate disease by comparing the human brain and the brain of the last common ancestor (LCA), … Read more

Diseases that run in my family

Many people today are able to understand the different disease that run in their families and how to act on them. Some diseases that are genetically passed down can be detected early because of this knowledge from family members in the past. A person’s family medical history is extremely important because, it can sometimes predict … Read more

Public health impact of Alzheimer’s disease

This report describes the public health impact of Alzheimer’s disease, including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. It also examines in detail the financial impact of Alzheimer’s on families, including annual costs to families and the difficult decisions families must often make to pay those … Read more

Understanding Asthma (with case study)

Section 1: Pathophysiology of Asthma According to Austen (2013), asthma is best defined as ‘a disorder characterised by reversible bronchospasm with wheezing, the symptoms occurring in short-lived paroxysms’. Primarily, the lungs and airways are effected by asthma, particularly the bronchial smooth muscle, which undergoes contraction (ibid). Asthma can further be described as a limitation in … Read more

Vulnerability of refugee populations to PTSD, depressive & anxiety disorders

Introduction Around the world, the number of refugees displaced by war or violence reaches over 19 million. Among these populations, rates of mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression, have been found to be higher in comparison to the general population. This observed increased vulnerability has been linked to experiences … Read more

The Need to Screen for Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Abstract Immunodeficiency disorders are disorders characterized by a dysfunctional immune system. The immune system is the body’s defense against pathogens therefore a deficient immune system requires special interventions to keep affected patients protected from infection. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease. It is a rare and a serious life-threatening genetic condition. Patients … Read more

Voluntary Euthanasia

1. What is the ethical issue? How do you know this is an ethical issue? The ethical issue is whether euthanasia should be made legal in Australia or not. Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally terminating a person’s life, typically to free them of pain and suffering. In recent years, this issue has become a … Read more