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Democratic transition is a process, an open end process, the previous experiences of countries that passed by democratization showed the different outcomes of this process; some countries passed by it without any hurdles like Poland and Germany, while others failed in consolidating, these countries went through second phases of social struggle in a trial to … Read more
1. Graffiti Using the graffiti is an Egyptian tradition since the pharos; yet it faded away and this new generation brought it back to life with a political content. During the revolution protestors and artists were documenting the main events of the revolution and the martyrs. Graffiti has always been a highly controversial form of … Read more
CHAPTER ONE APPROACHES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION: THE CONCEPT OF WAVE Democracy is among the most challenging concepts in the field, it is highly interrelated to the societal practices thus it witnessed several alterations and adjustments till it reached the current application which assumes authority for the government, procedures for forming the government and the purposes … Read more
In 1984, Valerie Amos and Pratibha Parmar wrote, ‘white, mainstream feminist theory, be it from the socialist feminist or radical feminist perspective, does not speak to the experiences of Black women and where it attempts to do so it is often from a racist perspective and reasoning.’ This has become the general consensus within the … Read more
Criticisms and limitations of the securitization framework The securitization theory of the Copenhagen School with its framework and objectivity on security threats has generated much academic interest and sparked a number of critiques and debates. Even though the theory\’s main concept, i.e. security and threats as social constructions and not factual realities, seems to have … Read more
The struggles over oil, particularly the quest to correct the perceived injustice embedded in the separation of those that profit from the oil production and commoditization (MNCs and the Nigerian ruling elites), from the others (dispossessed local inhabitants) whose land and waters the oil is extracted, has led to the violent agitation in the Niger-Delta … Read more
INTRODUCTION Everyday, thousands of people try to cross the Mediterranean Sea and eastern European borders to escape from war and poverty. Politicians discuss the closing of borders and building of fences and walls to address this migration flow. What are we dealing with? And what is our role in this? Like migration, society has to … Read more
With the commencement of oil exploration in commercial quantities in Oloiribiri in the Niger Delta in 1956 came great excitement and tall hopes for rapid development and accelerated civilization. But little was known of the pains associated with the exploration of oil such as Spillage, deforestation, noise pollution, sundry and other ecological effects. These adverse … Read more
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The democratic convulsions and delu”sions evident in Nigeria since May 1999 when military government handover to civilian’s government presented a worrisome dimension to the crisis of de”velopment in the country and the manifestation in the flight of transparency and accountabil”ity in governance. Accordingly, democracy -promotes competitive struggle … Read more
INTRODUCTION Migration of individuals and whole societies are an essential characteristic of civilization. Migration form a new quality and a new form of the original human societies, create new. In the processes of creation, destruction and transformation of the States of migration has always played an important role. In some era migration was not very … Read more
Internal conflicts contain intrastate wars, where all violence is confined within the country’s borders. Such conflicts typically concern opposition groups fighting for territory or political rights. They stressed that, internal conflict can erupt within ethnic groups with opposing interests. Conflict is ‘‘internal’’ when it take account of the home-based government and internal resistant groups; conflict … Read more
The success of any political system lies in its policy making and implementation process. Policy as an instrument of government affects the lives of each person. It involves a central position in the success of every administration, whether public, private or not-for-profit making organization. The Amnesty Programme was embraced to address the main causes of … Read more
The Niger Delta Region has witnessed a number of attempts to influence the pace and nature of development in the area and improve the standard of life for its people. For the most part the legacy of these schemes translates into a picture of missed opportunities, low value for money and, not least, enormous disappointment … Read more
This chapter examines the works of scholars in areas such as: the history of public enterprises in Nigeria and its impact on the economic development, the concept of privatization and commercialization and its evolution, and the history of Power Holding Company Nigeria (PHCN) and its various activities in Nigeria. A proper examination of an appropriate … Read more
Keywords: activation, labor market policies, mapping review, employment, ALMP 1. The political frameâ”from welfare to workfare Throughout the Western world, labor market policies have undergone significant changes during the past two decades. These changes amount to a liquid transition, a silent change of tracks, from a social welfare perspective to a workfare perspective, where the … Read more
