Preoperational stage of child development (2 – 7 years)

Cognitive development begins in childhood, continues throughout a person’s entire life, and can be defined differently by different psychologists. For psychologist Jean Piaget, cognitive development comes down to the cognitive-developmental theory which states that children are constantly actively creating knowledge as they learn and explore their world. Piaget divides this development into four main stages; … Read more

The Environmental Language Intervention Strategy

There are several intervention strategies that are administered among the language impaired toddlers and children. One of these strategies used to support production longer and more complex utterances is the Environmental Language Intervention Strategy (ELIS) developed by James D. MacDonald and Judith Presser Blott in 1974. ELIS follows grammar approaches from theorists Lois Bloom (1971), … Read more

Nature vs. Nurture debate in terms of the developmental process of socialization

In this essay I will discuss my perspective on the Nature vs. Nurture debate in terms of the developmental process of socialization. I will also talk about social development in relation to the philosophical viewpoint that I align with most. The purpose of this reflection is to combine my philosophical viewpoint of child development with … Read more

Parenting styles

Parenting style: The term “parenting style” focuses on how the parent acts and reacts to their child. This includes expectations, beliefs and values surrounding how parents support and punish their children. These run the range from unsupportive and controlling parents to warm, democratic mothers and fathers who let their children lead the way. Parents may … Read more

Comparison of Piaget and Vygotzky’s theories on cognitive development

Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. In this essay on cognitive development I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child active construction … Read more

Critically evaluate the cycle of human development and the significance of diversity in relation to life stages and transitions.

Human Development can be defined as “the scientific study of age related changes in behaviour, thinking, emotion and personality” (Boyd & Bee 2006, p 3). There are many different theories and thus, debates, behind the various stages of human development over the lifespan, as it is rich in complexity. A review of the literature in … Read more

Psychological perspectives on learning

A major learning theory is the psychological perspective Behaviourism. Work within this perspective was first carried out in the early part of the 20th century (Scales, 2008, p.58) Behaviourism is concerned with observable changes in behaviour which can be scientifically measured. This perspective is a comparative approach which suggests human learning is by association and … Read more

Behavioural approach to child development

Having an understanding of child development is essential for practitioners, as it allows us to have an appreciation for the cognitive, biological, psychological, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children progress through from birth into early adulthood. We must remember that every child will progress at a different rate, but should be hitting certain … Read more

Effect of parental attitudes on children’s social problem behaviors

Abstract In this study it was aimed to examine the effects of parental attitudes on their 3-7 year-old children’s social behaviors. Parents of 70 children constitute the target group of this research. In the study, Child Behavior Evaluation Scale has been used for children, and Parental Attitudes Scale (PAS) has been used for the parents. … Read more

Impact of sporting programs on adolescents’ social development

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Theorists Teens in today’s society undergo many challenges that require adaptation. Psychological, intellectual, and physical changes attribute to the many obstacles adolescents are faced with overcoming. They must learn to cope with the overarching theme of responsibility that may include balancing acts of school, jobs, and extracurricular activities (Gholamzadeh, Jadidi, & Donyavi, … Read more

Parent child bonding

The following research paper includes both primary, and a variety of secondary sources in regards to parenting child bonding and attachment, as well as its affect on future relationships. Child abuse is a prevalent issue in today’s society therefore it is crucial to know the impact it has on a growing child, in an effort … Read more

How poverty increases risk of young people experiencing disadvantage

Introduction Society today for children and young people is a very different setting to that of our grandfathers and grandmothers who endured the uncertainty and fear of living in war time conditions. They were a generation of people with great resilience and this is a trait largely missing in the current young generation which is … Read more

Cognitive dissonance theory can help us improve our relationship with animals

The relationship between humans and animals is extraordinarily complex. There are a variety of subcategories and issues that revolve around the topic of human-animal interaction, including consumption of meat and animal products, animal testing, animal slaughter and our general relationship and companionship with other animals. Previous studies have shown that a high consumption of animals … Read more

Discuss whether schizophrenia is inherited

Claim: Psychological disorders are inherited. Rationale: This research investigation will discuss whether schizophrenia is inherited. DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) is the guide used by healthcare professionals for diagnosis of mental disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Psychological disorders are difficult to define in an overarching … Read more