Indirect attitude measures to evaluate implicit attitudes

Indirect attitude measures evaluate implicit attitudes – they assess unconscious mental associations between different concepts, using participants’ performance on experimental paradigms, most often speed categorisation tests. They were created to overcome the shortcomings of direct measures, which are a way of assessing attitudes directly – that is, a participant reports their own attitudes consciously, for … Read more

The attachment theory and the impact of privation and deprivation

In psychology, the term attachment is used to describe a special kind of relationship also known as ‘affectional bond’ between two people. Since ‘affectional bond’ and ‘attachment’ refers to the internal state, psychologists have to look specific behaviour in order to infer its existence. According to Mary Ainsworth (1989), an affectional bond is a ‘relatively … Read more

Critically evaluate the Garden Path Model of sentence processing

Human sentence processing is a complex process governed by syntactic and language rules.  The goal of all research is to discover how people understand language (Ferreira, Christianson & Hollingworth 2001). There are a variety of theories about how sentences are processed and this account outlines the theory and evidence for the garden path model of sentence processing. … Read more

Rationale in the paradigm of research used in Counselling

In this essay I will explain the rationale involved in the paradigm of research used in Counselling. Followed by evaluating the research methods and applying to counselling studies. I shall then plan to undertake research within BACP ethical boundaries. Finally, I will design a small scale research project, applying appropriate research techniques to an are … Read more

Explain different theories and frameworks of child and young person development

Cognitive Development Theory Piaget Piaget observed children doing a series of simple but in genius tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. He found that children are merely less competent thinkers than adult and he showed that young children think in strikingly different ways compared to adults. According to Piaget children are born with a very … Read more

Critically Evaluate Freud’s Theory (dream function)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) he was Jewish and educated in Vienna, where he trained in medicine. Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. He was the first psychologist to recognise the importance of the conscious and unconscious mind. His theory was psychoanalysis. The value and validity of his theory has been greatly questioned, since its inception in … Read more

Critically evaluate the theoretical and clinical underpinnings of the SPICC model

INTRODUCTION The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate the theoretical and clinical underpinnings of the SPICC model. The learner will include a comprehensive analysis of the manner in which the contained models, Client-Centred, Gestalt, Narrative, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Behavioural Therapy relate to the process of therapy. The learner will include an in-depth … Read more

Juvenile Delinquency: Choice Or Trait

Juvenile delinquency is a relatively new concept that law enforcement and civilian organizations are attempting to understand and maintain control of. There are a number of successful programs as well as unsuccessful programs that have been implemented over the years to aid and prevent juvenile delinquency. Delinquency is a universal language among youths and is … Read more

Extra Sensory Perception

Extra Sensory Perception, which will be referred to as ESP for the remainder of this paper, can take on several different forms. ESP can be divided into four major categories; telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis. Telepathy denotes to the ability to directly transfer a thought from or to someone else’s mind. This can be simplified … Read more

Suicide risk in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

In clinical populations, the suicide rate of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is estimated between 8% and 10%, a rate far greater than that in the general population. While suicidal tendencies in BPD patients is a multi-determined phenomenon, a key factor that leads to the higher than average mortality rate could be the impulsive … Read more

Music therapy

Introduction Music is the universal language. It can speak volumes without ever saying a single word. You can go anywhere in the world with a guitar and communicate with people just by playing a few chords. People will be able to feel connected with you and even play along with what you are playing whether … Read more

Control systems

1. What’s Tinbergen’s concept of displacement behavior? Can you think of a good example of such behavior in humans? According to Tinbergen displacement behavior arises when we observe an irrelevant movement entirely out of context. More specifically, he says that displacement is when an animal is in the process of executing a specific behavior, under … Read more

Modern theories of play

Research into early childhood development has widely focused on role of play towards the development of children. Developmental and psychological theories have suggested play to be one of many sources that influence language, social, cognitive and emotional development in children (Piaget, 1961; Vygotsky, 1978). Ever since, numerous researches consisting of varying methodological designs have investigated … Read more

Intelligence & Psychological Disorders

Abstract This paper explores several articles that report on results from research conducted on highly intelligent individuals and their relationship to mental impairments. Although the articles may vary in their reasoning, they each draw to similar conclusions regarding the correlation between these. Ruth Karpinski et al. suggests that highly intelligent individuals tend to have “intellectual … Read more