Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Efficiently and quality service in the industry today has become a growing attraction, especially with the increasing innovation in the electric and electronic systems. They offer the best service to deliver fresh ideas and reliable supply capable of competing for buyers.
This year all the final year students have been given the opportunity to create and complete the final year project based on ability and should include all aspects and requirements have been prescribed. Then, “THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPACITOR POWER BANK” is chosen as final year project for this team.
The idea behind this project is to generate combinations of rechargeable battery and capacitor act as power bank. Capacitor will connected in parallel to store more capacitance. While battery connected to a group of capacitor. In this device voltage regulator 7805 are using to convert 12 V input to 5 V output. Furthermore the DC-DC booster will operate as outputs connect to the smart phone. This innovation will use same concept as available power bank just put an innovation using capacitor as supply.
Proteus software will be used to design the circuit connection. If there is any error, we can fix on it before go to another process. After complete do connection the circuit, we will print it on the transparent plastic. Then we go to the UV process to install the circuit on the PCB. After that we need to use the developers’ liquid to clean the PCB. After that the itching process will be used to complete the PCB. After that it ready to drill and solder the component.
1.2 Objective
Everything in the world is done on the objectives that have been set earlier. Without the objectives, the previous might drift away from the right track during the project management. This project focuses on the following three (3) objectives:
1.2.1 To design a workable prototype of capacitor power bank
1.2.2 To fabricate the output and voltage of the capacitor power bank.
1.2.3 To test and analysis the capacitor power bank.
1.3 Problem statement
Smart phone is a one of important electronic device in daily live. A loses of power supply or source is a crucial problems when you need to use in an emergency situation. Available power bank can’t be used more than 2 cycles. Furthermore this available power bank will take a long period time to complete charging. The advantages and benefits of this capacitor power bank is two times faster than an available power bank. This device also reduce a self-discharged and can take a long period time to use.
1.4 Scope of the Project
Besides setting up the objectives of the project, the scopes of the project should be setting up earlier. The purpose of setting up the project from begin the project is because to make sure that the project is done according to the specifications that have been desired before. The scopes of the project are
1. Built a circuit for:
a. voltage regulator 7805
b. dc-dc booster
2. Simulate the program (using Proteus 8.1 Professional).
3. Hardware-design and build the project.
4. Demonstrate the output of project.
1.5 Expected contributions
It is expected that the wok will provide several contributions as follows:
1. Fulfill the needs of community with affordable product and satisfy on the functional of this capacitor power bank technology
2. Can be marketed in the form of hobby kits, to facilitate the users to use it and give them inspiration to modify
3. Help community to use this capacitor power bank in a long cycle of uses and emergency situation.
1.6 Organization Chart
For this final year project, two students for each group will conduct the whole project progress and supervisor will guide a group to achieve the objective.
Figure 1 : Organization’s Chart
Chapter 2
Literature review
2.1 Overview
This chapter reviews existing project created to get an idea about the project design, conception and any information that related to improve the project. This chapter also explains and discuss about source or article that related to the project. It is consist of the products that have been appeared in the market nowadays. This chapter is also contained the theory of the components, equipment and programming that is used in the project.
2.2 Previous Project
Now a day a lot of power bank that we have in our industrial. There are some researches about the types of power bank to increase the efficient of a charging a phone. Here, got few last power bank that people out there use for their charging their smart phone.
2.2.1 Power bank using rechargeable battery
Figure 2 : Power bank using rechargeable battery
Power bank using a rechargeable battery is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The charging protocol depend on the size and type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance for overcharging and can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source; simple chargers of this type require manual disconnection at the end of the charge cycle, or may have a timer to cut off charging current at fixed time. Slow battery charger may take several hours to complete a charge, high-rate charger may restore more capacity within a minutes or less than hour.
2.2.2 Solar power bank
Figure 3 : Solar power bank
Solar power bank is a portable battery which is charged via USB port or the built-in solar cell. It can transfer the power to a mobile phone or other mobile device. With a fully charged solar power bank in your bag, you can ensure that you will always be able to charge your device anywhere and anytime without having to depend on a power socket. Most important is to look future without dead batteries.
2.2.4 Wireless power bank
Figure 4 : Wireless power bank
Wireless power bank is one of type power bank is wireless charging in any several method of charging batteries without the use of cable or device-specific AC adaptor. Wireless charging can be used for a wide variety of devices including mobile phone, laptop and mp3.
2.3 Conclusion
Nowadays many things have been created in variable function, just like this project is design as variable and available. Variable function is to make people easy to use it in any type of situation indoor or outdoor. This product already has at market, but the product is not combining the function. For example, if there is power bank, it just a power bank. But in this project, it combines two functions in one project using a capacitor as store capacitance or energy. Then using a rechargeable battery as main supply.
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss the developing of capacitor power bank to charging a mobile phone in a new innovation. AutoCAD software has been used to create the design to be more compactable. The method of flow diagram of the project is shows in figures shown.
3.2 Flowchart of Final Year Project
Figure 5: Flow chart Final Year Project
3.2.1 Details of Flow Chart Final Year Project
Figure 6: Details of flow chart Final Year Project
3.2.2 Flowchart operation of the project
Figure 7: Flow Chart How the Project Operate
3.3 Project Background
In this project, the main component is Capacitor. This project is using capacitor to work as charging a mobile phone. It has been used because capacitor is one of component that can store energy or charge work as supply. The capacitor is built parallel connection to make a bigger capacitance. The project background flow is show in figure as below.
3.3.1 Project design
Figure 8: Capacitor power bank
3.4 Block diagram
Figure 9 : Block diagram Of Capacitor Power Bank
3.5 Hardware Development and Requirement of the System
The model is built by AutoCAD software. Many of design have been tried and have some discussing about the weakness of the project; finally the design is decide to do the like now. After decide the model, the thing that use to build the model have been discuss. Firstly Perspex has chosen to make it, why the Perspex is choosing because, Perspex is quite cheap and lighter than others.
3.6 Hardware Specifications
The model is using the Perspex. Then, for supply it used a parallel of capacitor and batteries connected to a 2200 MaH batteries. The function of capacitor is to store energy from an input. It functions when the supply is given to it. The supply is used for 12V. After that we put a switch as multifunction a capacitor and batteries. Switch take a part to change a uses while capacitor or batteries. Furthermore voltage regulator 7805 is used as to convert 12 V input to 5V output. Then dc-dc booster is connected to combination of this circuit to charge a mobile phone.
3.6.1 Capacitor
Figure 10 : Capacitor
We are used 10 capacitor with the capacitance of 1500uF. Capacitor is the main components in our project. Capacitor as a store current or energy, we are used a capacitor to store an energy from 12V input and will release to mobile phone.
3.6.2 DC-DC booster
Figure 11 : DC-DC booster
Dc-dc booster is used as mobile charging. It used several types of components such as inductor, capacitor, and resistor. This dc booster are suitable for gadget instalment such as mobile phone, mp3, and laptop.
3.6.3 Rechargeable battery
Figure 12 : Rechargeable Battery
Secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The charging protocol depends on the size and type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance for overcharging and can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source; simple chargers of this type require manual disconnection at the end of the charge cycle, or may have a timer to cut off charging current at fixed time. Slow battery charger may take several hours to complete a charge, high-rate charger may restore more capacity within a minutes or less than hour.
3.6.4 Voltage regulator
Figure 13: Voltage regulator 78xx
The 78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx, MC78xx…) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts). The 78xx lines are positive voltage regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground.
78xx ICs have three terminals and are commonly found in the TO220 form factor, although smaller surface-mount and larger TO3 packages are available. These devices support an input voltage anywhere from a couple of volts over the intended output voltage, up to a maximum of 35 to 40 volts depending on the make, and typically provide 1 or 1.5 amperes of current (though smaller or larger packages may have a lower or higher current rating).
In this project, the voltage regulator 7805 is to change input from 7-40 V to 5V output. This output is matching to dc-dc booster. Mobile phone cannot receive a lot of voltage. It may be exploded or broke down
3.7 Proteus Design Suite
The Proteus Design Suite combines schematic capture, SPICE circuit simulation and PCB design to make a complete electronics design system. Proteus PCB design combines the ISIS schematic capture and ARES PCB layout programs to provide a powerful, integrated and easy to use suite of tools for professional PCB Design. All Proteus PCB design products include an integrated shape based auto router and a basic SPICE simulation capability as standard. More advanced routing modes are included in Proteus PCB Design Level 2 and higher whilst simulation capabilities can be enhanced by purchasing the Advanced Simulation option and/or micro-controller
3.7.1 ISIS Schematic Capture
ISIS lie at the heart of the Proteus system, and is far more than just another schematics package. It combines a powerful design environment with the ability to define most aspects of the drawing appearance. Whether your requirement is the rapid entry of complex designs for simulation and PCB layout, or the creation of attractive schematics for publication, ISIS is the tool for the job.
Figure 14: Schematic of capacitor power bank
3.7.2 ARES PCB Layout Software
High performance net list based PCB design package perfectly complements powerful ISIS schematic capture software and features both automatic component placement and a truly world class shape. ISIS and ARES together form a complete Proteus PCB Design package.
Figure 15: PCB Diagram
3.7.3 Software Used For Design Project – AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting. The software supports both 2D and 3D formats. The software is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. Picture below is an example of AutoCAD software.
Figure 16 : AutoCAD Software
Chapter 4
RESULT & DISCUSSION
4.1 Project Design Using AutoCAD Software
The AutoCAD software has been used to design the capacitor power bank. In this chapter, the design of capacitor power bank will show on figure below. The result of capacitor power bank design will be show in part 4.1.1. Figure below is top view, left view, right view, front view and back view of capacitor power bank. Older than that, the shows the isometric view of capacitor power bank.
4.1.1 Design of Capacitor Power Bank
Figure 17 : NW Isometric View
Figure 18 : SW Isometric View
Figure 19 : SE Isometric View
Figure 20 : NE Isometric View
Figure 21 : Top View
Figure 22 : Front View
Figure 23 : Right View
Figure 24 : Back View
Figure 25 : Left View
Figure 26 : Bottom View
4.1.2 Result Of Capacitor Power Bank
Figure 27 : Actual Of Capacitor Power Bank
4.2 Schematic Diagram and PCB layout
4.2.1 Voltage regulator
PCB layout and schematic diagram shown below is one of circuit is how the input 10/12 V convert to 5V output. In this circuit the voltage regulator 7805 is to change input from 7-40 V to 5V output. This output is matching to dc-dc booster. Mobile phone cannot receive a lot of voltage. It may be exploded or broke down.
Figure 28 : Schematic Of Voltage Regulator
Figure 29 : PCB Layout Of Voltage Regulator
4.2.2 DC-DC booster
PCB layout and schematic diagram shown below is one of circuit is dc-dc booster. This type of circuit is used because it’s relevant mobile to charging. All the mobile gadget are used this dc booster.
Figure 30 : Schematic of dc-dc booster
Figure 31 : PCB layout of dc-dc booster
4.2.3 Result of testing voltage regulator and dc booster
We have testing our component of voltage regulator and dc booster in electrical lab. We have applied 12V to our component using specific power supply and 1 ampere. We placed the component on breadboard to check the continuity and connection between supply and circuit. We also used LED to detect the current through dc booster are available.
4.2.4 Result after combine all circuit
In this project circuit is identify whether is functioning or not. After both of combination we identify this circuit is hard to arrive until 1 ampere. It because a few of wrong instalment of components. Then we have troubleshoot the circuit, the component are install as a PCB layout.
The second problem after the combination is dc-dc booster having a short circuit. After troubleshoot the problem, short circuit is detected and voltage regulator is exploded. The input voltage through the dc booster is to bigger because the voltage regulator 7805 is exploded. Then we change to the new voltage regulator.
4.3 Discussion
In this project, when doing something there must have a few problems occur during completing the task. In this project there’s quite many problem on doing this project. The first problem is about capacitor. The capacitor as main supply is one of big had problem because it have to determine which of capacitance is suitable to use in our project. They have a lot of test to know the capacitance of the capacitor. After a few of test and analysis the capacitor that we use which is 100Uf, 1500uF and 2000uF the value for voltage output aren’t achieve the target. The suitable value of capacitor is 10 F /25V and we called it as super capacitor. This super capacitor does not have in local, must import use a shipping service. It may take at least 6 weeks based on working days. We have taken an action to complete our task without waiting the shipping service, we had parallel a group of 10 capacitor contains of capacitance 2000uF. It’s work, but not too relevant. After that we install the entire component nicely.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
Power bank is common alternative that we use for a backup in any loses of power. Capacitor power bank is one of innovation that are using combination of rechargeable and capacitor as a supply. Fabricate this capacitor power bank can operated simultaneously and vice versa by switching the function switch. This capacitor power bank is suitable for use in several models of mobile gadgets and varieties of USB connector. The performance of this capacitor power bank comparable with commercial power bank which is the fabrication cost is low and this device comes with added value. Furthermore this capacitor power bank is fast charging and low self-discharged so it can be used. in long time more than 3 cycle.
5.2 Recommendation
Capacitor power bank can be extended by using more suitable capacitor with a suitable value and suitable capacitance. The suitable capacitor can replace a rechargeable battery which means the capacitor power bank will be more efficient and take a long time to reduce a power. This device can be improved to charge a car battery with a parallel of super capacitor. Furthermore solar also can be a part of supply which is suitable to use indoor and outdoor.