DEDICATION
To our beloved parents
To our dedicated supervisor, Encik Ahmad Makarimi bin Abdullah
To our pleasant who have been helping us through this semester
To our diligent technicians of Marine Electrical and Electronic lab
To our friends who are very supportive and energetic in giving us spirit to
Complete our project
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind of support and help of many individual and organization. We would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
Firstly, Alhamdulillah thanks to Allah S.W.T for giving us the opportunity to develop and complete our final year project title The Development Of Hand-Crank Power Bank. We are highly indebted to Encik Ahmad Makarimi bin Abdullah for this guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for his support in completing the project.
We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents and member of Marine Electrical & Electronic Technology (MEET) for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help us in completion of this project.
We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to technician of MEET for giving us such attention and time. Our thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.
Abstract
Generally, the long last power source supply for mobile gadget and television become a crucial problem nowadays. Dynamo Hand-Crank power bank is the alternative way to solve this problem and current device needs to be recharge. This Hand-Crank can produce small amount of electricity which is very effective store in battery rechargeable. Battery rechargeable can absorbed and delivered of power. Thus, it can be charge rapidly which is a very useful feature for hand-crank application. The electricity produce by hand-crank that charge battery via a current limit. In order it can solve the current issue with hand-crank technology. This combination concept will allowed device running as a charger for unlimited cycle or time, even if the user run out of power electricity or at any idea condition of situation and environment.
Introduction
1.1 Background
This year the final year student have been given the opportunity to create and complete the final year project based on their ability and should include all aspect and requirements which have been prescribed. Then, the Development of Hand-Crank Power Bank is chosen as a final year project for our team.
Firstly, Hand-Crank are using dynamo and solar to charge the battery rechargeable. The dynamo is a smallest gadget with a hand crank. A special connector let user hook it up to the phone. User simply turn the crank to start charging the phone battery. While the voltage generate it will depend on how quickly user turn the crank, voltage regulator also remain maintain a steady current. The longer user crank, the more power user get generate. A few minutes of crank is usually enough to make a quickly emergency phone call.
Solar panels generate free power from the sun by converting sunlight to electricity with no moving parts, zero emissions, and no maintenance. The solar panel, the first component of a electric solar power system, is a collection of individual silicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight. The photons light particle produce an electrical current as they strike the surface of the thin silicon wafers.
As the product is innovation of power bank is already exist in other countries, we are trying to develop the used of this product in Malaysia. Since our country has a high availability for using solar system because Malaysia is an equatorial country that produces blazing hot water. In order to expose the used of solar using in this country, we have our own initiative to apply in power bank. By this way we put solar, so that is free energy and showed green lifestyle by encouraging them used renewal energy because that is absolutely do not polluting the environment at all. Basically, that is the way that our team used to enhance the usage of solar system in our country basically.
1.2 Project Objective
Basically this project is based on these objectives :-
a. To design a workable prototype of hand-crank power bank.
b. To fabricate the output and voltage of hand-crank power bank.
c. To test and analysis the hand-crank power bank
1.3 Project Scope
Before setting up the objective of the project, the scope of the project should be set up earlier. The purpose of setting up the project from the beginning is to make sure that the project is done according to the specifications that have been desired before. The scope of the project is :-
a. To study and design a phone charger using hand-crank power bank and solar energy.
b. The project must be low cost and efficient
c. The student learn about the application of hand-crank and solar panel system
1.4 Organisation Chart
To develop this final year project, a team consisting of two members and assisted by project supervisor Mr Ahmad Makarimi bin Abdullah. Teaming up together to do the task in order to accomplish the project in a systematic way. The positions for the competition of this project consist of :-
a. Worker 1 : Mohd Nazrul bin Hanafi
b. Worker 2 : Muhammad Izzat Ashaman bin Abdul Rahman
Assisted by : Mr Ahmad Makarimi bin Abdullah (Project Supervisor)
1.5 Problem Statement
Nowadays, mobile phone is important to the mankind. Almost each of the people right now has their own mobile phone to contact, texting, find and sharing information. Have you ever think that if mobile phones run out its power?
To overcome this problem, Hand-Crank power bank was produced to make people easy to charge their phone anytime or anywhere. Have you ever think that this power bank is also same as you charged your phone directly to your house power supply but different method use that you must charge your power bank and this device will store the energy to use on your mobile phone when till runs out of energy.
So, our group has come with the new alternative because we want to create the phone charger that powered by Hand-Crank that convert mechanical to electrical energy, with solar panel. We not use any wall outlet when we want to charge a power bank.
That Hand-Crank use a dynamo concept. A dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary converter.
With the help of our product, it will able to help people charge their mobile phones without using wall outlet. With that reason, we are trying to find this resolution in order to enhance Malaysian to realize the important of energy in our daily lifestyle.
Chapter 2
2.0 Literature Review
In this chapter projects related to the development of hand-crank will be reviewed. The study also focus on selection of the project, major components and materials to be used. The specific were made to increase the need of project hand-crank power bank. Studies have been made to give some idea on how the development of hand-crank power bank works.
What is a Power Bank and What can they charge?
Portable Power Banks are comprised of a special battery in a special case with a special circuit to control power flow. They allow you to store electrical energy (deposit it in the bank) and then later use it to charge up a mobile device (withdraw it from the bank). Power Banks have become increasingly popular as the battery life of our beloved phones, tablets and portable media players is outstripped by the amount of time we spend using them each day. By keeping a battery backup close by you can top-up your devices while far from a wall outlet.
The Power Banks we're talking about are good for almost any USB-charged devices. Cameras, GoPros, Portable speakers, GPS systems, MP3 players, smartphones and even some tablets can be charged from a Power Bank – practically anything that charges from USB at home can be charged from a Power Bank.
2.1 The types of Power Banks
The two of the three major types of Power Bank found on the market today:
i) Our speciality is the Universal Power Bank. They come in many sizes and configurations which can be tailored to your device requirements and to your budget.
ii) We also carry a Solar-Charged Power Bank. They have photovoltaic panels which can trickle-charge the internal battery when placed in sunlight. Solar charging isn't fast, so they can usually charge via cable as well.
iii) The third type of Power Bank is the older style battery phone case. While they can be handy, this type of Power Bank has very narrow device compatibility.
2.2 How long does a Power Bank last
i) The number of charge/discharge cycles a Power Bank can reliably perform in its
lifetime.
ii) How long a Power Bank can retain its charge when not in use.
The answer to point one can differ between models of Power Bank, their internal components and the quality of their manufacturing. We try not to stock Power Banks which have fewer than 500 charge cycles in them. This would allow you to charge a device from the Power Bank every day for a 1.5 years before it started to lose its ability to hold charge long-term. Better and more expensive Power Banks can last longer, while smaller and cheaper units may fall short depending on their treatment. Power Banks are generally not used daily, so they often last much longer than 18 months in real-world usage patterns.
Point two depends on the quality of the controller circuitry and battery cells. A good Power Bank can hold charge for 3 to 6 months with minimal loss. Lower quality Power Banks may struggle to retain a useful charge more than 4 to 6 weeks. In this regard, you get what you pay for, and if you need a long-term emergency power supply consider increasing your budget to ensure you're not going to be caught short. Most Power Banks will slowly lose charge over time, to a degree influenced by the environment and their treatment. For example, leaving a Power Bank in the car where the temperature can fluctuate greatly over time can shorten its lifespan.
2.3 DYNAMO POWER BANK – THE EXISTING PRODUT
Dynamo power bank is a first of its kind in the world. It combine a dynamo hand crank, a solar panel and 2600mAh a grade NiMH battery. Solar panel, leave it to the sun and it will charge itself at 100mA per hour or crank the dynamo for 700mA output per hour. A few minutes of hand cranking will allow you to make a call whenever and wherever you like. That why we using combination concept like solar panel and hand crank in one product.
This product know as hand crank power bank but the novelty we added is solar. The solar charger, it has now evolved into a power bank. Power bank are becoming increasingly popular due to the power of hungry mobile phones that have taken over our lives. Mobile phone batteries simply don’t last a whole day on a single charge when use constantly. This is where the idea of our product to create that hand crank and solar in one. This is where the power bank come into play. You will never run out of power.
Figure 2.3.1 Example of Current Product Hand Crank and Solar
2.4 BENEFIT OF THE DYNAMO POWER BANK
i) Convenient power portability, you will always have spare power with you.
ii) Charge multiple types of devices thank to our multi adapter cables.
iii) Charge more than one device at a time
iv) Larger power banks can charge your phone multiple times on one charge
v) Compatible with most brands of mobile phones
2.4.1 DYNAMO POWER BANK SPECIFICATION
i) Battery Capacity : 2600mAh
ii) Battery type : rechargeable battery, NiMH
iii) Input : 5V, 1000mA
iv) USB Output : 5V, 1000mAh
v) Output – Dynamo : 5V, up to 700mAh
vi) Output – Solar : 5V, up to 100mAh
2.4.2 HOW LONG DOES SOLAR CHARGING TAKE
WEATHER
Collect the most power from the sun on bright, clear days. That being said, solar panels utilize IR, UV, and visible rays from the sun that can penetrate through clouds. Although the efficiency of the solar panel will decrease in cloudy conditions, you'll still be collecting valuable power from the sun. Also, keeping your solar panel angled toward the sun can dramatically increase efficiency. Set it up and let Mother Nature do the rest. Charge time 4-8 hours.
2.4.3 DEVICE CAN CHARGE DIRECTLY FROM SOLAR PANEL
Small USB devices like cameras of MP3 players require 1-2.5W of constant power to charge. Our panels can easily provide this amount of power even in sub-ideal conditions. Smartphones and tablets have a higher power requirement, usually around 5W of constant power. A 7W rated solar panel will only produce 5W in perfect sun conditions and because smartphones are quite picky about their power requirements, they can "give up" charging if there is ever an interruption in constant power, like when a cloud passes by overhead.
For the best experience, we recommend use of our product we call it energy beyond boundaries, instead of charging directly from the sun for the following reasons :
i) Heat and batteries are enemies. Precision electronics don't like heat either. When charging directly from solar, care should be taken to keep the device with the battery in the shade. The shade of the angled panel is a good option. Do not store devices next to the panels when charging. The heat will lower the life of the battery.
ii) Weather uncertainty. Your phone may not be weather durable. Keep it protected.
iii) If clouds pass by or weather changes, the charging can become interrupted. Phones will often reject the charge in cases like these. This means your phone could be sitting out there and not charging. Batteries give you a constant charge no matter the weather conditions.
iv) You might not want to sit out in the heat of the sun, if you need to use your phone while it charges. Battery lets you move anywhere.
You use your phone during the day and charge at night. Solar doesn't work at night, but batteries work anytime.
2.5 BATTERY RECHARGEABLE
High-Drain Performance. Devices that need lots of power quickly, like digital cameras, are called high-drain. That as opposed to devices that just sip the juice slowly, like clocks. NiMH work great in high-drain devices. In fact, many digital camera manufacturers recommend the and even design their cameras for the lower voltage of the NiMH's. An example of a battery that doesn't work well in high-drain devices is a standard alkaline (though there are premium alkalines like Duracell Ultra that work fine in cameras, except they can't be recharged).
Capacity, AA capacities range from 1300 to 2600 mAh. Beware of obscure brands that promise higher capacity they usually deliver just a fraction of their label rating. Also be sure to get a good charger because some cheaper ones don't fill the batteries up completely. NiMH purportedly lose some of their capacity permanently if not used for long periods of time.
Self-Discharge, Normal NiMH have the highest self discharge rate of any kind of battery but there are Low Self-Discharge (LSD) versions available (like Sanyo eneloop). The tradeoff is that the LSD versions have a little lower capacity. So when buying NiMH, you have to choose between longer shelf life or higher capacity. If you burn through batteries quickly, get the regular NiMH so you can enjoy the larger capacity. But if you go months before using up the battery's capacity, go for LSD instead. The table at right shows the relationship between self-discharge and capacity.
Charging, overcharging can reduce cycle life (the number of times the battery can be charged). Smart chargers know when the battery is full and stop charging. Dumb chargers run on a timer and will almost always overcharge or fail to fill up the battery completely, and they usually really fail to fill up C and D sizes. Charging NiMH with old NiCd chargers is not recommended.
Figure 2.5
2.5.1 DYNAMO
A dynamo is an electric generator made from coils of wires that are made to turn in a permanent magnetic field by way of a commutator. Essentially any electric DC motor with a permanent magnet can become a dynamo. Rather than applying current to the motor to cause it to spin, you can turn the shaft of the motor and generate a current.
Figure 2.5.1 Dynamo
Figure 2.5.2
2.6 BICYLE DYNAMO
A small generator is sometimes fitted to a bicycle to provide electricity for the lights at night. The generator is called a bicycle dynamo. How does a Bicycle Dynamo Work?
Inside the dynamo a permanent magnet is rotated in the middle of some coils of wire. Rotating the magnet instead of the coils has the advantage that slip rings are not needed. The rotating magnet produces a changing magnetic field and this generates electricity in the coils of wire. The top of the dynamo is touched against the rim of the tyre which rotates when the bicycle is moving.
Figure 2.6.1
2.7 WHAT MAKE A GOOD DYNAMO LIGHT
A good light is bright enough to be visible, illuminates the road without blinding others, and stays bright while you’re stopped at a traffic light.
Most dynamo lighting equipment is designed to comply with German road-use regulations (StVZO/TA). These stringent and specific regulations are in place to ensure that cyclists are well lit from all directions and that the lights don’t interfere with other traffic.
A headlight should have a horizon, meaning that the light’s beam is limited by a hood at the top and aimed so that the center of the beam hits the ground 33 feet (10 meters) from the front of the bicycle. A concentrated beam illuminates hazards on darkened streets without blinding oncoming motorists and cyclists.
Lights are also required to have a standlight feature, a built-in capacitor that continues to power the lights for four minutes once you stop moving. This feature ensures that you remain visible while stopped at intersections.
In most countries, cyclists are required to have a white light up front and a red light in rear. A single dynamo can power both front and rear lights. Similarly bright battery-powered lights have run-times of only 1-3 hours before they require recharging.
Figure 2.7.1
2.8 WHY WE LOVE DYNAMO LIGHTNING
Ride a bike at night without dynamo lighting, is that one will feel safe. It’s bright, it’s always there, and it requires not much thought at all. No forgetting lights because you didn’t intend to be out after dark, no replacing or recharging batteries, plus an automatic on-switch. Sealed from the elements, dynamos produce consistent and reliable lighting in all weather.
Dynamo Lights are :
i) Safe. Dynamo lights are powerful and highly visible.
ii) Convenient. Always with you. Always on.
iii) Durable. Long-lasting LEDs.
iv) Consistent. No half-charged or lost lights.
v) Sustainable. Reduce your environmental impact by freeing yourself from batteries.
vi) Secure. Much more difficult for someone to steal.
Figure 2.8.1
Chapter 5
5.0 CONCLUSION
As a conclusion it reliable, rugged, and easy to use, Hand Crank with Solar Charger provide a power you need at moment notice. There are many alternative way to produce a current such as our product Hand Crank Power Bank. So be alert cause our power bank can bring the light of your life. No more to worries because this power bank can charge itself with hand crank and no wall outlet are needed.
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation of this product is add super capacitor cause can storage more energy than battery rechargeable. Put more than 2 source as example our product if one source is broken another main part can take the job. Then, put more indicator as example LED to show the dim and brightness of LED to show the result of fully charge. As power bank make it more compact and smaller of product, this will bring helpful to the people whoever using it. The smaller power bank the more easier people can bring anywhere and anytime.
5.2 BUDGET
NO
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL
BUDGET PRICE
ACTUAL PICE
1 DYNAMO RM 100 RM90
2 BOOSTER RM 50 RM 30
3 SOLAR PANEL RM 50 RM 30
4 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT RM 100 RM 80
TOTAL COST RM 300 RM 230
SELLING PRICE RM 100
5.3CIRCUIT DESIGN
Figure 5.3
5.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 5.4.1
5.5 DIAGRAM OF CHARGING
Figure 5.5.1
5.6 PROJECT DESIGN
Figure 5.6.1