The definition of Policy Analysis is a process on how to find the best-given solution for problems. Furthermore, policy analysts also assist government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and special interests groups.
The main purpose of policy analysis is to recognize the problem, examine the possible solutions, and to calculate the specific cost of funding’s and benefits of each option being given. Policy analysis is a problem-solving method in which helps build a solution towards the given situation (Policy Analysis, n,d).
The definition of comprehensive planning is a plan that includes a document that is outlined to guide community future actions. Furthermore, comprehensive planning can be perceived as a future foresight, including long-term goals and objectives. Comprehensive plans help establish decisions based on private and public land development proposals. With this being said, comprehensive planning obtains an overall purpose and objectives for activities that influence a local government.
What the differences between policy analysis and comprehensive planning are that policy analysts aid government agencies special agent groups whereas comprehensive planning
Essay 2
Ethics can be defined as one’s morals or personal definition of what’s right and wrong. There are three types of ethics, descriptive, meta-ethical and normative ethics. It is very important that all policy planners always maintain a code of ethics.
A code of ethics is a set of guidelines and rules that we perceive as good and as try to follow to be ethical. Policymakers have a lot of power in their hands and they need to ensure that everyone’s rights are being respected. Working as a public official means that your actions should be for and in the name of the citizens, and that can be accomplished only by being ethically sound. In the policy-making process, the policymakers have to oversee all the different steps possible to reach a goal or a certain outcome. The easiest way to obtain the goal may not be the most ethical way, and one must be able to see when one thing is wrong and choose the most ethically sound alternative.
The only way to trust that someone is not going to do a bad thing or to make a bad choice is to analyze their morals and ethics. The study of ethics is very important to the planners for policy analysis because they have to take under consideration all the possible outcomes and make sure that bother the process, and implementation, as well as the income, be ethical and right by all parties involved.
Essay 3
Today in any modernized country with its own government, land use and zoning are considered to be an important part of city, urban and regional planning. Before a city, urban, and regional planning can occur they must first go through a review procedure such as Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP). When a land is being worked on to alter it, it’s acknowledged as land use. Some of the types of land use include retail, residential, vacant land, industrial, and parks. Zoning controls the developments of the entire city.
Furthermore, zoning, land use, and ULURP lead to the building of some main city establishments and landmark buildings. In other words, land use is used to aim for public regulation of real estate developments. Land use occurs when an agricultural development is established by human exploitation. On the other hand, zoning considers factors such as where buildings are located, their sizes, and their use. Additionally, zoning takes into account the cities densities. Zoning is fundamental for allowing the planning policy to be carried out including the city’s power to tax, budget, and condemn property.
The Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP) is known as a procedure that happens when the land of a city is going to be altered by land use it must first be reviewed publically before it can be implemented (Step5: Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP). There are five steps that make up the Uniform Land Use Review
Procedure (ULURP) is the Community Board, Borough President, Planning Commission, City Council, and Mayor’s office. Before the process can begin a certified application has to be accepted by the community board. Step one, within sixty days the community board must obtain a public hearing and write a suggestion to the City Planning Commission, and the Borough President. The second step occurs within 30 days when the Borough President receives and reviews the Community Board’s recommendation then they must file their own written suggestion to the City Planning Commission. Step three within sixty days; once the City Planning Commission obtains the Borough Presidents review then they make a public hearing and decide to either approve or disapprove the application. Step four; within fifty days the City Council does not fully examine the City Planning Commission application because the charter requires them to review other important actions. Step five, unless the mayor decides to veto City Council’s actions within five days, the City Council’s decision is considered to be the final decision making to approve or disapprove of the land use application.
In conclusion, before land use and zoning can take a part in city planning they must go through the ULURP process to make sure they can be enabled.
It can be stated that city planning is very rigorous and must be examined thoroughly Step5: Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP).
Essay 4
Economics is a fundamental part of policy making due to the budgeting and planning of resources that it takes to achieve the desired outcome. It can be recognized as a social science that includes examining and describing the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. On the other hand, microeconomics studies how the individual markets and individual economic agents interact with one another. Some important concepts that makeup microeconomics include the free market model, opportunity cost, and externalities.
The free market model can be defined as an exchange between groups being represented by agents and people in which results in both parties gaining economic goods either by commodities or services. There are two kinds of Externalities in microeconomics, which are positive externality and the negative externality. A positive externality can be observed when the third party benefits from the production or utilization of a good (Positive Externalities, n.d.). On the other hand, a negative externality is the opposite, instead of the third party benefiting from goods; they are affecting them (Negative Externalities, n.d.). Externalities are also unpredicted/ unwanted outcomes that can lead from the policy that was implanted.
Opportunity cost refers to when one is able to choose a better-valued option rather than investing in an option that is less valued leading them to achieve a desirable objective. Furthermore, the Pareto principle also acknowledged as 80/20 rule, is a theory in which manages the 80 percent of the output from any sort of situation being given and is determined by the 20 percent input. In overall, the Pareto Theory states how the 20% of the invested input is accountable for the 80% of the given results being acquired (What is Pareto principle?).
Policy analysis includes the process in which the planners are going to implant a policy. The different ways they are going to choose from to implant their policy will eventually affect the direct outcome desired. When making a policy analysis you want to consider all options in order to determine the best one that will complete your task and most fit your policy and budget. Opportunity cost is a concept commonly used by policymakers when deciding upon the best way to go about when finalizing a policy in order to ensure that the right resources are being used for the best long-term outcome. In the rational model steps 3, 4 can be the ones that most applications with the economic concept of opportunity cost and any other economic concept. To oversee all the alternatives in implementing a policy, we have to analyze all the expenses and players involved before deciding on the best one.