This work is about Samuel Huntington and his main book and article that Clash of Civilizations was written in 1993.
Samuel Huntington was born in New York City on April 18, 1927, In December 2008, he died in the state of Massachusetts, USA. Harvard Professor of Political Science at the University for a long time Huntington, 1977-1978, the US National Security Council and Security Coordinator of Planning Department and American Politics in 1986-1987 He was the presidency of the Union of Sciences
The work consists of five main parts: A world of Civilisations, The Shifting Balance of Civilisation, The Emerging Order of Civilisations, Clashes of Civilisations, The Future of Civilisations
We can summarize Huntington's world system as follows.
According to Huntington, the next model is not ideological and economic; it will be cultural. International struggle will be among the different civilizations. In the following years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, he argued that the right wing groups were fundamentally incompatible with the expression "Conflict of Civilization", the confrontation between Islam and the "West" is inevitable.
Huntington starts writing about flags and cultural identity. Huntington explains that global politics is bipolar in the Cold War era: the conflict between the US-led group of rich democratic societies and the poor communist societies under the Soviet Union, most of the contradictions are happening in the Third World. This order collapsed with the end of the Cold War.
Huntington has three maps.
A. West and others: 1920. These colors are colonies except Africa (except Ethiopia), India and Southeast Asia (except Africa), especially in countries that make up part of the West (Huntington explained it).
B. The Cold War world: 1960s. This shows that the world is divided into three divisions: the Free World, the Communist Bloc, and the Aligned Nations. But when it comes to detail, Huntington tends to make some mistakes. Iran has been included in accordance with its relationship with the United States as part of the "Free World". At the same time, Pakistan, including East Pakistan, but it is no longer involved in the Non-States.
C. The world of civilization: after 1990. It adds color to the following civilizations:
1. Westerns including Baltic States and Finland, as well as the United States, Canada, Western Europe and Central Europe, including Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea.
2. There are a few small countries along the Atlantic Ocean in northern Latin America and Brazil, including Mexico. These include everything from the south, including the Caribbean.
3. Africa Sub-Saharan Africa, except Africa, eastern shores and primarily Muslims in the Sahel.
4. North Africa, the eastern edge of Africa, Albania, the Middle East, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia and the southern part of the Philippines. As another mistake, despite Huntington's religious composition, he could not include Kazakhstan into the Islamic category.
5. Sinic consists of China, Vietnam and North, South Korea and Taiwan.
6. Hindu comprising India
7. Orthodox Russia, Kazakhstan (according to my random interview), Belarus, Ukraine, Caucasus, Balkans and Greece.
8. Buddhist, Tibet, Burma, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Although the colors of Mongolia are the same, it seems like another mistake as I expect to be classified as Sinic.
9. Japanese consisting of Japan.
Huntington challenges the idea that humanity approaches a universal civilization with violence. Senior businessmen who attended the World Economic Forum in Davos each year rejected the "Davos Culture", which links the thin coatings of government officials, intellectuals and journalists. While recognizing that English is used as a language other than language, different languages emphasize the differences between cultures that speak the first language.
It is a crevice country, where large groups belong to different civilizations. Huntington gives a few examples:
‘ India (Hindu vs. Muslim)
‘ Sri Lanka (Sinhalese vs. Tamilce)
‘ Malaysia (Muslim vs. Chinese)
‘ Sudan (Muslim North vs. Christian South)
‘ Ukraine (Ukrainians vss. Russians)
Huntington emphasizes the possibility of internal conflict and thinks that one country is much higher than the flamenco and French speakers of the same civilization and the divided countries like Belgium.
Huntington rightly notes that the West is unique in that it is "a great and sometimes devastating effect on every civilization". As a result, it is natural to see tension between the West and all other civilizations.
He noted that he was a source of great concern for Western immigration from non-Western societies. However, he also points to the growing tendency towards further restrictions on migration.
Huntington points out that ‘By 1920 only four Muslim countries ‘ Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Afghanistan ‘ remained independent of some form of non-Muslim rule.’ This was followed by most of these countries gaining independence. He writes:
‘The violent nature of these shifting relationships is reflected in the fact that 50% of wars involving pairs of states of different religions between 1820 and 1929 were wars between Muslims and Christians.’
In the past, Huntington continues to say that Muslim leaders often have to "Westernize" their people, but these comments are never heard today. They emphasize the differences between the civilization of Muslim politicians and Western civilization. He also noted the growing concern of the West over Muslim extremism, nuclear weapons proliferation and terrorism.
In my opinion, the book relies on a realistic but insignificant insight that extends far beyond the proper point. The idea is that each unit feels more affinity with the ethnicities, cultural backgrounds, people with whom we share our language and religion with people who do not share these characteristics. This insight is so obviously true that I saw it as "insignificant", as a mathematician regarded the proposal as innocent. The negotiations between the citizens of the two countries can be extended to the extent that each country is homogeneous and different in terms of the above characteristics. English-speaking British Christians will find the strange and compelling Japanese-speaking Shinto, who is interested in Japanese citizens until they find things that are common at the outset.
When I read the book, I decided that the writer was racist. Signs of racism "read between the lines" but pass through the book if "Africa has little to offer in order to rebuild Europe" and instead is interpreted "openly" to hunt the hunter of the socially mobilized people. fantasy is the remnants of the last of the civil war struggle. Accordingly, I am not surprised that in the biography of Wikipedia, Huntington counseled the racial regime in South Africa in the 1980s.