Abstract
Many times we seen in news or social media that at petrol pump, during the process of filling the petrol, sometimes suddenly explosion is occurs. It is usually happen when any person is using a mobile phone near to the petrol pump to make a call. Usually explosion of any flammable material is extinguish, when some kinds of hydrocarbon molecules interact with Electromagnetic waves. Material surrounding an initial explosive shock wave is heated above its ignition temperature, allowing the reaction to propagate. So we are making the project to prevent this type of accident which is occur by the radiation of mobile’s Electromagnetic waves. During communication the Electromagnetic waves interact with hydrocarbon atom of petroleum.
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Problem summary
As in the topic name suggest shock waves is the component through which the whole problem is attach. Shock wave reserves the energy which can propagate through different mediums. Its speed is faster than the sound wave speed in fluid.
The shock wave’s characteristics is very much dependent on the discontinuous change in pressure, temperature and it’s mass of the medium. Whenever shock waves passes through any level, its energy is remain constant but its entropy is increases. The change in a level’s properties manifests itself as a reduce in the energy that can be comes out as work.
Figure: 1.1Explosion at petrol pump
Recently we have shown a news on television and social media that at petrol pump sometimes without any spark through any substance the fire explosion happen near the petrol tank of the vehicle. After observation we understand that the explosion is due to the radiation of the mobile during when the petrol was in filling condition, but we also observe that it happens only when the user is establishing any call or attempting any call. It don’t affect whether its internet is on and if the handset is in standby mode.
Radiation from mobile was near to the petrol pump, it interact with the fuel’s generated shock waves due to the velocity of petrol its molecule should be pressurized, due to that energy produce in the form of heat so the spark ignite and because of this fire explosion occurs.
1.2 Aim and objectives
In our project we mainly focus on to prevent the fire explosion due to Electromagnetic waves from mobile handset at petrol pump, which interact with shockwaves generated near the petrol tank of vehicle, so our main aim is to overcome this fire explosion due to interaction of Electromagnetic waves with petrol molecules.
Normally now a days most of the people uses a mobile phones in their day to day life, just because of their careless habits they also uses mobile phones at petrol pump, which is strictly prohibited, but most of the people don’t follow the rules and regulation of petrol pump, due to that sometimes ignition may occur while filling the petrol in their vehicle. So for the solution of this problem we are making a project to overcome this drawback.
In our project we are using an AVR microcontroller which is the heart of our project, which perform the main function in our project. For the detection of incoming and outgoing calls we use a circuit called as Mobile incoming call indicator which may sense the electromagnetic radiation and according to the detection it will give their output to out AVR microcontroller and base on the output of incoming call indicator controller get interrupted than controller will operate the motor, which will stop the flow of petrol until the incoming call indicator cannot give their low level output.
1.3 Problem specification
Now a day’s most of the human beings are addicted to use a smart phone in their day to day life, during a call establishing and call receiving the Electromagnetic radiation spread throughout the near area of the user. As the user may use the cell phone at petrol pump while filling their vehicle at that time Electromagnetic radiation interact with the petroleum molecule due to that the compression happen between the petroleum molecule and Electromagnetic wave, because of this the reaction between the shockwave and EM radiationwave will be change and due to this pressure generated inside the petrol tank and because of it there is the occurrence of spark inside the tank of the vehicle.
As we already describe that when the EM radiation from mobile is interact with molecule of the petrol through which the ignition of spark probability is increase. In petrol tank when the fuel is start to filling from the petrol pump at that time pressure in to the petrol tank vapour is pressurized due to that flow, due to this pressure shock wave is generate. Shock wave is a compressional wave which has high amplitude cause in the medium through which wave travel. When the shock wave and EM radiation wave is interact at that time unwanted combustion is happen.
This explosion occurs inside the tank that’s why we use the term Combustion because the Combustion is related to the ignition inside any metal body or petrol tank. For the prevention of this Combustion inside or outside the tank we have to first detect the Electromagnetic radiation,from the mobile cell phone for that purpose we use a circuit called as Mobile Call Indicator which detect the mobile calls, which only detect during establishing the call.
1.4 Literature review
Title-1:- Gas Turbine
This application claims by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Application number as US 11/196,388, published on Feb 1, 2007.
Summary:In this patent it is describe that due to shock wave the turbine efficiency is decrease. In the compressor the air is compress and flows in the combustor where it mix with fuel at this stage combustion occurs this gas flows into the turbine where the energy is produce it will help to rotate the compressor and to drive a generator to produce the electricity after that gas is exhausted from an exhausted defused the diffuser consist of exhaust casing which shows the gas flow path and multiples struts which supports bearing which in turn support rotor one.
In conventional gas turbine strong shockwaves can be form at the edge of every strut cover this way reduce turbine performance, the combustion gas flows over the strut leading edge its speed rapidly improve to achieve supersonic speed, the efficiency of turbine is improve when the ambient temperature is low. Due to the air flow into the gas turbine the temperature is more than normal ambient temperature so as a result the shockwave is generate at the leading edge which reduce the efficiency.
This invention is the provision of gas turbine which improves the efficiencies of turbine due to shockwaves generates at strut of exhaust diffuser, In this turbine moving blade are connected to rotor in the alternately. Rotor is connected with generator which carry out power generation. Combustion gas flow part covering the periphery moving blades and rotor. The outer shape of strut is wing shape, its thickness is gradually increase with flow direction of gas. In present invention elliptical shape strut is used due to this flow of gasalong the smoothly curved surface of leading edge, it also prevent strong shockwave.
1.5 Plan of their work
‘ Searching patents
‘ Finding the information required for the topic
‘ Getting the relating images
‘ Working on the Descriptions
‘ Related application data
‘ Technical field
‘ Background
‘ Getting the Brief descriptions of the drawing
‘ Working on the Detailed description
‘ Sorting the required Apparatus comprising of
‘ Describing the Background and summary
‘ Calculating the Concluding remarks
1.6 Materials / Tools required
‘ AVR Microcontroller
‘ Mobile Call Indicator
‘ DC Motor
‘ Nozzle
‘ MAX 232
‘ AVR Studio
‘ Proteus
1.6.1AVR Microcontroller
Figure: 1.2Pin diagram
”VR name is suggested from their inventor Alf EgilBogen, Vegardwollan and R is stands for RISC(ReducedInstruction Set for Computer) also AVR stand for Advance Virtual RISC. AVR is the family of Microcontroller which is developed by Atmel in beginning of 1996, AVR is the modified hardward architecture of 8 bit RISC microcontroller.AVR is the first family of microcontroller to use on chip Flash Memory to store the program.
AVR Microcontroller is generally classified in following categories:
1. Tiny AVR:-
In this group of microcontroller having less instruction and small packages compare to MEGA family show we can design system with cheap cost a power consumptions by this Tiny AVR.
2. Mega AVR:-
This group f microcontroller are powerful which having more than 120 instruction and different peripheral capability which used to design different hard system.
1.6.2 Mobile Call Indicator
Figure: 1.3 Mobile call indicator
Using inductive element RF detector is not preferable for detecting high frequency signal used in cell phone, the frequency range of mobile is 0.9 to 3 GHz with 3.3 to 10 cm wavelength so it require for a mobile bug. We are going us e a circuit in which 0.22 ufdisk capacitor to detect RF signal its lead length is fixed at 80 mm. Between two lead there is 8mm space, which work as loop antenna to capture RF signal. As a current to voltage converter Op-amp is used with capacitor.
1.6.3 DC Motor
Figure: 1.4 DC Motor
DC motor work on the principle, when a current carrying conductor is interact between the magnetic field. It produce a torque and help to move rotor, it known as motoring action.
If the direction of current is inverse in conductor, the direction of rotation is also same as it. By the interaction of electrical and magnetic field mechanical output is produce on this base DC Motor works on this principle.
1.6.4 Nozzle
Figure: 1.5 Nozzle
It is the mechanical structure from which the fuel is inject from the petrol pump to vehicle tank, it is connected with a pipe. It is operated manually by a mechanical switch connect with it to turn off and on.
1.6.5 MAX 232- Serial Communication
Figure: 1.6 MAX 232
It is the integrated circuit which is use for the serial communication with computer by using RS-232 cable. It consist of 16 pins, it works as bridge between Microcontroller circuit and computer. It use to convert the TTL logic voltage level that interface with the serial port.
1.6.6 AVR Studio
Figure: 1.7 AVR studio
This open source universal software is use for programming of AVR microcontroller family. It has easy user interface, also it can generate a hex file which is use to load data in coded language in microcontroller chip. There is cycle correct simulator for debugging, and it is compatible with many Microsoft Visual Studio plugins.
1.6.7 Proteus
Figure: 1.8 Proteus
It is a software tool for electronic design automation, by this the schematic and printed circuit board is manufactured. It can also generate any IC package which are not available in proteus library, also we generate the layout of the component with its original spacing area.
Chapter 2
DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVAS
2.1 Empathy Mapping Canvas
Figure. 2.1 Empathy Mapping Canvas
An initially, we decided to work on UDP (User Defined Project), for that it was necessary for us to understand the problem of the society/user, which was a challenge for us as till now we were making project on imaginary ideas.
So, we interacted with many peoples, which included more of casual talk rather than technical sessions. Also we have shown different news on television and social media about the problems. At this stage we learned about the emotional aspect of our user. In the above canvas we listed our user, which were highly concerned with our domain. And they are mainly affect by the problem.
After that next portion was stakeholders, they are the people that directly or indirectly make an impact on user. They were petroleum companies and petrol pumps. Now activities were the next portion, in which we had to include the activities that people suffer from daily life. Here we noted down all the activities performed by the people while using service. Last and the most interesting part was the ‘Story Boards’ which shows the real life stories in our words. Here we had few stories with good and bad experiences of the people. This process some way it give us a feeling of being our self in their same as a people, that’s how we have done this canvas.
2.2 Ideation Canvas
Figure: 2.2 Ideation Canvas
After getting to know the user and his activities in the first canvas, now the next step in this canvas it shows that the different people or user which are present at a time of incident, what activities they were doing, what was the situation and what was happening near the user. And due to that which problem is happening so which can be a possible solutions to prevent the problem at that particular moment.
Because only after discussing the various possibilities of how several activities need to be solve the problem, we can find out the activities that are difficult for the people to perform. Again in this canvas we specified the people like customers which come to fill petrol at petrol pump, fuel distributor which works on the petrol pumpand other peoples which are near to the petrol pump they all were interact with in our domain.
Secondly were their activitiesthe car ignition was in working condition, some of the customers were using mobile still they are on the petrol pump and they were not following the rules of the petrol pump.
Now in next portion the situation or location in which at what moment what is happening it will be describe. So in this our canvas during fuel filling of the vehicle, at petrol pumpan interaction of shockwave and EM radiation waves.
2.3 Product Development Canvas
Figure: 2.3 Product Development Canvas
In this next stage in which the core part of the design process is shown. Here the first thing we had to clarify aboutthe purpose of our product. It is confirm that to increase the efficiency we have to prevent fire at petrol pump.
For each of the function that our product fulfilled, we had to include one or more features that supported that functions. They are fuel wastage during filling, less power supply to work the circuitand detection must be in limited range so the non-attracting user can’t be interfere. Now our product is based on microcontroller, hence the components which are involved are listed below which we will be using for our product.
List of components:
‘ AVR Microcontroller
‘ Mobile Call Indicator
‘ DC Motor
‘ Nozzle
‘ MAX 232 Serial Communication
As a feedback in customer revalidation we get that there is need to improve the range slightly of the detection circuit, for better reliability.
2.4 AEIOU Summary
Figure: 2.4 AEIOU Summary
In this canvas, we need to summarize the Activity, Interaction, Environment, Object and User about our project.The interaction section of the canvas included, about the interaction which took place during the execution of idea and solutions for our projects. They are customers in the vehicle which are interact with petrol pump during filling and the alarm system if it detect the EM radiation from mobile.
In environment section we describe that what effect happen in different season. In summer the petrol temperature increase and the vaporization effect is happen. And also the circuit heating problem may occur.
Chapter 3
Implementation
Figure 3.1: Block Diagram
The above diagram shows the block diagram, which has a following main components as follows:
1. External Power Supply
2. AVR Microcontroller
3. Mobile Call Indicator
4. Nozzle Driver Circuit
5. MAX 232 Serial Communication
6. Alarm System.
The AVR microcontroller is the heart of our project, which perform the most of the computing functions and controlling functions. In AVR microcontroller we mainly focused on the pin TxD and RxD pins which get receive the serial data from Microcontroller unit.
In our project we use detector circuit called as Mobile Incoming Indicator which is use to sense the Electromagnetic radiation of cell phones and depending upon this EM radiation it will generate the interrupt signal which is apply to a Microcontroller, Based on this interrupt signal on INT pin of microcontroller, Microcontroller can stop its current execution and goes into the sub-routine program and it will generate the output signal to the output port.At this output we connect the nozzle driver circuit which operate the DC motor and this motor will stop the flow of petrol from nozzle.
Here we also use a alarm circuit for the aware people from explosion. Now for getting any data related to the any explosion or any mobile radiation detail we use a serial communication port for transferring data from microcontroller unit to PC.
Chapter 4
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS
4.1 Summary
On behalf of all observation we have design this structure of project in our way. Generally as the most of people cannot use cell phones at petrol pump and start to follow petrol pump ethics, Because if they use a cell phone at petrol pump than they cannot get fill their vehicle due to incoming calls or outgoing callsthe detector sense this signal and stop petrol injection into a petrol tank of vehicle, by doing this we will prevent the explosion chances at petrol pump and saves many people life.
4.2 Advantages
1. Save Life.
2. Prevent from combustion due to shockwaves.
3. System instalment is easy.
4. As the system instalment is easy cost of overall system is cheap.
5. We can improve sensitivity of detector circuit as per requirement.
6. We can transfer all data related to explosion via serial communication.
7. User will follow the petrol pump ethics.
4.3 Conclusion
According us our project can be more useful at petrol station for avoiding any harmful accident related to any combustion or explosion due to shockwaves and as per the petroleum ethics and protocol of petrol pump shall be follow by customer.