Francis Sellers Collins

Francis Sellers Collins is an American physician-geneticist, who is the16th Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He was known for identifying several disease genes including cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Huntington’s disease, as well as carrying out the Human Genome Project and other projects which are significant to biology development, such as … Read more

Rate of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity in Brassica oleracea

An enzyme assay to determine the rate of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity in Brassica oleracea and the effects of malonate on complex II indirectly using dichlorophenol indophenol Abstract In this study, the rate of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria of Brassica oleracea was assessed using an enzyme assay. Isolated mitochondria and mitochondria-free fractions … Read more

The beneficial role of idebenone against titanium dioxide nanoparticles Pulmonary toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Abstract Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are among the most commonly used metal oxide nanoparticles in industrial products, such as cosmetics, sunscreens, food products, paints and drugs. They have been reported to elicit various adverse cellular effects including oxidative stress and deoxyribonuclic acid  (DNA) damage. Aim: To evaluate the beneficial effect of idebenone against the titanium … Read more

Control of gene expression

One often thinks of bacteria and multicellular organisms as simple but even the most simple bacterium and organism have the most complex task when it comes to gene regulation. Bacteria in your gut or organisms in general carry around thousands of different types of genes. These genes most likely encode proteins, each of which has … Read more

Pacemaker properties of the SCN / search for the mammalian pacemaker

The most common model of photo-biological rhythmicity involves the initial intake of periodic environmental signals through photoreceptive organs. These external stimuli are then relayed to and integrated in the central pacemaker of the organism, which thus, in a multi-oscillator system, controls the oscillations of other biological clocks. These secondary oscillators account for the overt and … Read more

Constraints on maximum body size / consequences of a change in size of terrestrial mammals

The giant asteroid that hit the Earth 65 millions years ago might have marked the end of the dinosaur era but the evolution of mammals has exited long before then. This opened the door to the diversification of terrestrial animals. The evolution of these animals has changed so much since the Cretaceous/Paleocene era. The size … Read more

Cells Q & As

1. The brain cells and the liver cells may vary when it comes to morpohology, structure and function because following the lecture on “The Cell and its Components,” cells have biochemical resemblances. All cells have their genetic information “stored in DNA molecules” which are “made up of nucleotides.” In addition, it was stated that “In … Read more

How Does Carbon Dioxide Affect Plant Growth

In this experiment, I will determine How Does Carbon Dioxide Affect Plant Growth using sunflower seeds and 2- liter bottles to create home-made Carbon Dioxide. I hypothesize that if the amount of Carbon Dioxide is increased, then the plants will grow more because plants require chemicals to grow, therefor causing the amount of photosynthesis to … Read more

The effect of vinegar on the heart rate of Daphnia magna

Abstract Daphnia magna is a species of water flea that typically inhabits freshwater ecosystems such as ponds and lakes. Because of their small size, they are susceptible to changes in their environment. To investigate how different environments affect them, we conducted an experiment with six different concentrations of vinegar: 0% (water), 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, … Read more

Cosmetics as trace evidence in forensics

Introduction At present, cosmetics as trace evidence are not widely used in the forensic area. Current research involving cosmetics as trace evidence are biased towards lipsticks. Lipstick smears are frequently encountered in forensic laboratories as an important form of transfer evidence Ehara and Marumo (1998). There is little/hardly any on foundation and blusher samples as … Read more

Your Inner Fish by Shubin

Your Inner Fish written by Shubin explores the evolution of mankind and animals to uncover the journey through history of the human body. The possibility of how every creature on earth share the same resemblances on certain body parts and function is deeply rooted within our body and fossil records. Ancient records provides a brief … Read more

Priority Existing Chemical (PEC) Report of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)

Priority Existing Chemical (PEC) Report of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) [PEC/34, 2012], carried out under the National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) As HBCD has been determined to be a hazardous substance in relation to human health according to the Safe Work Australia’s Approved criteria for classification of hazardous SCOPE This analytical summary and briefing … Read more

The characteristics that define a mammal

The characteristics that define a mammal have been refined throughout the course of evolution in order to better suit the environmental, locomotive, an general survival needs of the organisms. Mammals are chordates, vertebrates, aminotes, tetrapods, synapsids, cynodonts, and can be proto-, meta-, or eutherians (which are the three clades of extant mammals). The chordates arose … Read more

Effects of resveratrol and etazolate on DS/AD mice (proposal)

Abstract/Summary Resveratrol, mostly known to be found in red grape wines, has been linked to prevent or slow aging whilst having an interaction with sirtuins. It has also been found to have a similar effect as a caloric restrictor ultimately extending lifespan. Research using resveratrol has been tested on mice models, and humans. Similarly, etazolate … Read more

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis in Ceratophyllum Demersum

Preliminary Work: – Establish the distance from the light to produce bubbles from photosynthesis. (10cm) – How long for the cut (i.e. traumatized) to recover and photosynthesize. (?) – Is the 1L beaker necessary or not? (Possibly) Problem Question: What effect does temperature of the water surrounding a Ceratophyllum Demersum have on the rate of … Read more