Cells – types, membrane, cellular Metabolism

What is a Cell? Cells are the essential building blocks of all living things. It is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out the function of life. Some cells are single, self-sustaining organism such as amoebas or bacteria. Other cells are a part of a multicellular organisms that cannot survive on its … Read more

Amino functionalized magnetic graphene oxide as sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction of cadmium from food and water samples

Abstract Magnetic graphene oxide modified with amine was synthesized as an adsorbent for the extraction of cadmium ions (II) from food and water samples using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The structural properties of the adsorbent synthesized by SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, VSM were investigated. Various parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as pH, amount of … Read more

Experimental Design Project – Brita Filtration Mechanism

Purpose: In this experiment, you will determine the method by which Brita Filters filter out solute from water. You will attempt to answer: “does the filter remove a particular fraction of a given solute, or bring the solute concentration to a particular level?” (Weaver, 2018). Background and General Information: The goal of this experiment is … Read more

Interbreeding made us susceptible to common viral infections, allergies and diseases

Archaic hominins, namely Neanderthals and Denisovans, are assumed to have interbred with modern humans according to many popular theories. Numerous hypotheses are currently being tested to prove such theories proposed by geneticists, archaeologists, anthropologists and others of the science community. Research has found that interspecies breeding with these early humans may have added many profound … Read more

The characteristics that define a mammal

The characteristics that define a mammal have been refined throughout the course of evolution in order to better suit the environmental, locomotive, an general survival needs of the organisms. Mammals are chordates, vertebrates, aminotes, tetrapods, synapsids, cynodonts, and can be proto-, meta-, or eutherians (which are the three clades of extant mammals). The chordates arose … Read more

Effects of resveratrol and etazolate on DS/AD mice (proposal)

Abstract/Summary Resveratrol, mostly known to be found in red grape wines, has been linked to prevent or slow aging whilst having an interaction with sirtuins. It has also been found to have a similar effect as a caloric restrictor ultimately extending lifespan. Research using resveratrol has been tested on mice models, and humans. Similarly, etazolate … Read more

Color polymorphism (proposal)

Specific Aims Color polymorphism is an opportunity for researchers to study how the balance between natural selection and genetic drift shapes the evolution of appearance and form.  This paper intends to identify the specific mechanisms of color polymorphism and processes involved in non-primitive color variation in animals whether as a mechanism acting between populations, or … Read more

DO GMOs need to be labeled?

Modifying the natural makeup, the genes of a specific species that governs the physical property through the process of genetic engineering to develop discrete and unique organisms is knows as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). Genetically Modified crops, which includes plants, animals, and/or microorganisms have had their genetic makeup altered by gene splicing or transgenic technology. … Read more

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Adrenaline, also known as Epinephrine, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands and was the first hormone to be discovered and obtained in pure form. A hormone is a substance produced by the cells of the body that circulates in the blood; It continues to circulate until it reaches a part … Read more

Loss of kinesins or dyneins

Dynein and kinesin are both responsible for transportation within cells. Dyneins transport cargo towards the minus end of a microtubule (Kon et al., 2012) whilst kinesins transport cargo towards the plus end of a microtubule (Dogan et al., 2015). Dynein is an AAA+ ATPase, it is part of a family of proteins that have a … Read more

Are Extraterrestrials a Reality?

Aliens are a topic of conversation often addressed on the news, read about in books, and discussed amongst society.  The question of whether or not extraterrestrial beings exist has crossed the minds of many. The belief in an alien existence is fathomable due to the mass amounts of planets capable of sustaining life, eyewitness accounts … Read more

Is time travel possible?

The possibility of time travel has been long researched and thought of by some of the greatest innovators throughout history. However due to the underlying danger of conflict with the majority of the population, many people preferred to keep these views to themselves, to prevent the tarring of their reputation. As said by Sir Stephen … Read more

Reasoning in knowledge ethics and natural sciences

Main knowledge question: To what extent does reasoning provide knowledge in the areas of knowledge ethics and natural sciences? Knowledge can be gained in multiple ways, and can differ from person to person. This is why there is a distinction between shared knowledge and personal knowledge. There are ways of knowing, these include the use … Read more

CRISPR – Revolutionizing Gene Editing Tool

CRISPR- Cas9 is one of the newest genome technology editing tools. CRIPS has until now mostly been used for research, but it may seem unlimited, due to the technic being applicable to all living organisms. The predicted possibilities for Crisp may seem endless in the future from eliminating diseases by identifying single defected genes, editing … Read more

Transpiration experiment

Background Information: Transpiration is the process in which water moves through plants and evaporates into the environment. The water from the soil enters through the root hairs and the water passes into the xylem and travels up the xylem vessels and into the leaves. The water properties of cohesion and adhesion help the water molecules … Read more