Noise Pollution and its Harmful Effects

As defined by Merriam Webster’s dictionary, noise is a loud, harsh, or unharmonious sound. Noise engulfs the human population every second of the day. The traffic in the streets, popular songs on the radio, and the sound of our own breath are all producers of noise. Sounds can be relaxing and calming, like a waterfall … Read more

Sports injuries/treatments – anabolic steroids / temporal arteritis treatment / brain concussion

Question 1 Anabolic steroids are classified as Class C drug controlled under the Misuse Drugs Act 1971 in the UK. It is accepted to be used and imported for personal need (Iverson, 2010). Doping has been observed all through history, but should not be considered as an issue limited to the athlete, it is mostly … Read more

Malaria / Staphylococcus / Left Ventricular Contractile Dysfunction / Allostasis

Multiple choice questions 1) A 5-year-old boy from Guatemala is brought to the United States for correction of a congenital limb deficiency (missing a portion of a limb). The little boy has been unable to learn to walk, and physicians are hopeful that through surgical intervention, they will be able to improve the child’s quality … Read more

Kidney Disease – signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments

Abstract This paper further explains kidney disease. It will discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The kidneys are a main component in the urinary system. They function as the body’s filter for blood and remove the waste to later produce urine. The kidneys are small organs situated in the middle of your back right … Read more

Pancreatic Cancer

“When you have feelings like sadness or anger about your cancer or your plight, to mask them is to lead an artificial life” (Steve Jobs). Steve Jobs was a victim of pancreatic cancer and died at age 56. Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that is difficult to spot, and when spotted, if spotted, … Read more

Breast cancer screening: the issues

1. Introduction Epidemiology: In both developed and developing countries, breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women, with one in ten of all new cancers diagnosed being found in the female breast. Through the mid-1990s, there was a significant increase in incidence rates across European countries, mainly in women over 50. This may be … Read more

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS, has always interested me. When I was in sixth grade I saw a man in a wheel chair who could not speak for himself. Wires were connected to his head and a computer spoke for him. This man was my best friend’s father and he was … Read more

What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger (rough essay plan)

What does not kill you may weaken you in short term, but when the immune system response to the pathogens, it actively defends the host body, and created anti-bodies which prevent inflection of the disease, and facilitate higher tolerance, meaning this incident/ inflection will make you stronger in long term – looking into sickness behaviour: … Read more

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impact on brain structure

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurological disorders diagnosed in children and adolescents. The American Psychiatric Association states that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, 2013), 5% of children have ADHD. However, other studies conducted in smaller community samples report higher rates (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ADHD can … Read more

Relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to all the conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infractions, strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), as well as peripheral arterial and aortic diseases. CVD is the biggest contributor to mortality, morbidity and disability worldwide, particularly in high-income countries … Read more

Functional Birth Defects

Birth defects is one of the most common disorder that happens to the baby while developing inside the mother’s womb nowadays and may cause death.  Birth defects may affect the baby’s body’s functioning which is known as functional or developmental birth defects. This type of birth defects involves in three specific disorders which are the … Read more

Orofacial cleft

Specific Aims Orofacial cleft (OFC) is the second most common birth defect, following congenital heart disease, affecting about 1 in 700 live births worldwide. It is characterized by clefting of the lip and/or palate thus, interfering with ingestion and speech, as well as inflicting a social and financial burden on the individual and family. Owing … Read more

The importance of Vitamin D

Vitamin D is special because it can be made in the skin from exposure to sunlight (Nair & Maseeh, 2012). It is classified as a conditional vitamin (Beauchesne, 2018). What makes it an essential vitamin is that people’s dress, work, and geography get in the way of attaining enough Vitamin D from sunlight (Nair & … Read more

Linking biocrobiomes to mental health,

As part of the human experience, we have natural reactions of anxiety, stress, and depression. Research towards these emotions should be centered around the brain, so it may be odd to focus on bacteria from the stomach, more specifically from the gut. But when we think about how we describe these emotions through language as … Read more

Anxiety disorders – impact on fetus

Anxiety disorders can cause significant biological and psychological changes for an individual as it affects their ability to distinguish cues considered threatening vs. non-threatening. For most individuals, fear is considered an adaptive physiological and behavioral response causing a shift in homeostasis in response to seemingly harmful situations. However, anxiety disorders, a much more diffused state … Read more