Gallbladder Disease

Gallbladder disease is a condition that continuously affects the gallbladder, which is a small organ that affects digestion. This organ stores bile which is a fluid that digests fat and is made by the liver. A disease in the gallbladder usually occurs when something such as a gallstone can block the flow of bile on … Read more

Functional Birth Defects

Birth defects is one of the most common disorder that happens to the baby while developing inside the mother’s womb nowadays and may cause death.  Birth defects may affect the baby’s body’s functioning which is known as functional or developmental birth defects. This type of birth defects involves in three specific disorders which are the … Read more

Orofacial cleft

Specific Aims Orofacial cleft (OFC) is the second most common birth defect, following congenital heart disease, affecting about 1 in 700 live births worldwide. It is characterized by clefting of the lip and/or palate thus, interfering with ingestion and speech, as well as inflicting a social and financial burden on the individual and family. Owing … Read more

The importance of Vitamin D

Vitamin D is special because it can be made in the skin from exposure to sunlight (Nair & Maseeh, 2012). It is classified as a conditional vitamin (Beauchesne, 2018). What makes it an essential vitamin is that people’s dress, work, and geography get in the way of attaining enough Vitamin D from sunlight (Nair & … Read more

Linking biocrobiomes to mental health,

As part of the human experience, we have natural reactions of anxiety, stress, and depression. Research towards these emotions should be centered around the brain, so it may be odd to focus on bacteria from the stomach, more specifically from the gut. But when we think about how we describe these emotions through language as … Read more

Anxiety disorders – impact on fetus

Anxiety disorders can cause significant biological and psychological changes for an individual as it affects their ability to distinguish cues considered threatening vs. non-threatening. For most individuals, fear is considered an adaptive physiological and behavioral response causing a shift in homeostasis in response to seemingly harmful situations. However, anxiety disorders, a much more diffused state … Read more

Cooking may have influenced human evolution in ways other than biologically

Cooking is an important behavior that significantly impacted human evolution, evidenced by the brain expansion, reduction in masticatory anatomy, and gut reduction that resulted. Cooking may have influenced human evolution in ways other than biologically. One aspect of modern humans today that peaks interest is the existence of pair bonds in multifemale-multimale communities (Wrangham et … Read more

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a rare disease. About five and a half new cases of SLE were diagnosed each year per 100,000 people (Virtual Medical Centre [VmC], 2018). The average age of being diagnosed with SLE is about 39 years of age. (VMC, 2018). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease where the immune … Read more

How do natural remedies compare to antibiotics in the treatment/inhibition of E. coli? (proposal)

Everyone in the world has Escherichia coli. However, that’s actually a good thing; E. coli is part of the healthy function of the human body’s digestive tract (General Information). E. coli is especially good at destroying invasive microbes, like salmonella, that enter the body and may cause illness. Some organizations even use nonvirulent strains of … Read more

Depression – causes, diagnosis, treatments

Depression is a serious, yet common, mood disorder, with the ability to, severely impact one’s capability to preform necessary daily life activities. In 2016, in the United States, 6.7% of adults and 12.8% of adolescents (ages 12 to 17) had at least one major depressive episode. (Data from 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and … Read more

Development of MS

Notwithstanding the multiannual study of MS, it still remains an urgent problem in neurology and neuroimmunology. Specific factors causing the disease have yet to be traced. Development of MS is likely to be attributable to several factors, among which are infectious diseases, as well as genetic and environmental factors. It is well known that MS … Read more

The cardiovascular system / Electrophysiology / pacemakers

1. The cardiovascular system The transport system of human body i.e. cardiovascular system comprises of heart and as a pump of system it conveys blood to different parts of body through blood vessels. So the delivery routes of cardiovascular system are vessels which carry fluid, the blood containing necessary nutrients and gases like oxygen that … Read more

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in infants, and the incidence has continued to rise with the increasing survival of extremely premature neonates [1].  With limited options for effective and sustained postnatal therapeutic interventions, it continues to be a frustrating clinical syndrome for many neonatologists.  Initially described by Northway … Read more

Effects of methamphetamine withdrawal and housing condition

Methamphetamine has been shown to effect locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in mice during methamphetamine withdrawal (Rauhut & Curran-Rauhut, 2018). Research suggests that locomotor activity increases immediately after methamphetamine exposure in mice (Rud, Do, & Siegel, 2016). Locomotor activity decreases over time in mice receiving methamphetamine injections after 90 minutes (Zombeck, Gupta, and Rhodes, 2009). … Read more

Schizophrenia – history, risk factors, onset

Schizophrenia is an illness that have had a lot of clinical studies, the signs and symptoms and cognitive characteristics are well described and there are even some pharmacological treatments that do exist but there is still a lot that we as humans don’t know about this devastating illness. Worldwide about 1 percent of the entire … Read more