Diabetes and Metabolic Abnormalities: An Overview of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolism

CHAPTER 1 Diabetes and Metabolic abnormalities Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder and is a major source of morbidity in the developed countries. It is not only associated with carbohydrate metabolism but also with lipid and protein metabolism. Diabetes and Carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate from various sources is the primary exogenous source of glucose. Glucose is … Read more

EEG Based Body Area Networks

Chapter 1 Introduction Background In the current time, with people’s busy work schedules, finding time to visit a doctor or a nutritionist to get an update on one’s health is definitely not something most people can do on a regular basis. Also, an increase in elderly population and chronic diseases patients is observed in last … Read more

The Tobacco industry

In 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States of America published a report documenting all of the known health risks associated with smoking cigarettes. Up until that point, cigarettes were so prevalent in American culture that doctors smoked and tobacco companies advertised using children’s cartoon figures. However, in the past 50 years, the United States … Read more

Fuzzy C Mean Thresholding based Level Set for Segmentation of brain stroke using CT Images

Abstract Accurate segmentation is a very important task in any computer vision systems. It also plays a vital role in computerized analysis of brain stroke CT images. The objective is to present a new segmentation method for brain stroke detection that combines the advantages of fuzzy c-means (FCM), thresholding and the level set method. 3-class … Read more

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

INTRODUCTION Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE)[1] is a novel medical procedure which has revolutionized gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostics by turning into reality the concept of painless and effective visual inspection of the entire length of small bowel (SB). In recent years, the validity of SB WCE in clinical practice has been systematically reviewed[2]. Out of this evidence … Read more

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE, ANXIETY AND POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG WOMEN IN ETHIOPIA

1.1 Introduction Violence against women is one of the main forms of violation of human rights to life and health.it is a public health problem not determined by any social class, ethnicity marital status, education, which requires effort from various sphere for prevention and intervention (Mariana de O.et al, 2015:855-64). In this chapter background of … Read more

Yellow fever

1.0 INTRODUCTION The devastating effects of infectious diseases on the world’s population are a source of concern. Pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites are implicated in the establishment of infectious diseases which can be spread directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Despite a century of seemingly successful prevention and control … Read more

Reviewing medical records to improve patient safety in hospitals

Reviewing medical records to improve patient safety in hospitals, are the methods evidence based?   Abstract Introduction: Infliction of unintended medical harm received increased attention. Increasing numbers of hospitals evaluate medical records of patients who died during their stay. This is labour-intensive and expensive. Information about adequacy of screening tools used for detecting adverse events … Read more

Health promotion triggers positive behaviours regarding PMTCT services demand, retention and uptake

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1.1 Introduction The global community has set a global target to reduce new paediatric HIV infections by over 90%, and reduce the number of HIV-related maternal deaths by 50%. HIV prevention, barriers to improving Maternal Child Health (MCH)/ Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) outcomes … Read more

Window period of HIV

Abstract Window period of HIV is from the first day of infection which is the presence of the HIV in blood to the development of the specific antibody against it. Most of the tests detect the viral immune response. But some test can detect the viral antigen or viral nucleic acid in this period. However … Read more

Preterm birth

1 Introduction 1.1 Preterm birth Every year 135 million babies are born worldwide of which 14.9 million babies are born preterm. Preterm birth is defined by the world health organization (WHO) as all alive births before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the first day of a woman’s last menstrual … Read more

High blood pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure inside arteries, which maintains the existence of compressive strength lead to push the blood through the circulatory system to all parts of the body, even though it was against gravity, expressed in blood pressure by two digits, we say, for example, 130/80 mm Hg column, the lower figure is called … Read more

FOOD POISONING

Chapter 1: Introduction Foodborne illness better known as food poisoning, is illness caused by variety of agents which may be intrinsic that include certain foods which are toxic in themselves, or extrinsic causes include chemicals, parasite and micro-organisms. (Corry, Roberts and Skinner, 1982). Bacteria, viruses and parasites are infectious organisms and their toxins are the … Read more

Anxiety

Anxiety is a common disorder that is observed in people of all ages. Anxiety can be caused by several factors, such as stress, fear of abandonment and the other fears, anxiety, etc. can affect the overall health and an individual personality. Some types of drugs used as a cure anxiety and can handle varying degrees … Read more