Electronic cigarettes

Electronic cigarettes, otherwise known as e-cigarettes, are battery-operated electronic smoking devices that differ from traditional cigarettes because they emit an aerosol vapor instead of smoke, and typically consists of various flavorings of fruits and candy, nicotine, propylene glycol, and other chemicals. They are manufactured to resemble either traditional cigarettes, cigars or pipes, pens, or even … Read more

Some patients get better despite nursing care not as a result of it

As the exercise for the discussion suggests “some patients get better despite nursing care not as a result of it” (Marquis & Huston, 2015). The importance of the quality of nursing care cannot however be discounted in the patients’ outcomes. I strongly believe that the quality of nursing care goes a long way in making … Read more

Effect of Group B streptococcus in pregnant women and newborn babies

  Aim: To review the effect of group B streptococcus in both pregnant women and their newly born baby. With the tests for identification and to find the appropriate treatment and protection mechanism “prophylaxis”. Introduction: Hundred research conduct that Group B Strep is the first leading cause to severe bacterial infection associated with illness and … Read more

Malignancy in salivary glands

Introduction Malignancy in salivary gland forms a significant percentage of oral tumors since , it comes after squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).(1) three main paired salivary glands tumors are, sublingual ,parotid, and submandibular salivary glands and several of small salivary glands that present in the sub-mucosa of oral cavity and oropharynx are able of displaying malignancy … Read more

Hypertension

Introduction Hypertension is a multifactor disease characterized by chronic elevation in blood pressure to levels equal to or above 140 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP) and above 90 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Considered a worldwide epidemic disease, hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, being epidemiologically closely associated with metabolic diseases … Read more

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

Meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection (by bacteria, viruses, or fungi), although it can also be caused by bleeding into the meninges, cancer, disease of the immune system, and an inflammatory response to certain types … Read more

Pneumococcus

The pneumococcus is a main human pathogen responsible for acute invasive diseases such as sepsis , meningitis, and pneumonia in youth children and immunocompromised individuals worldwide (Oetqvist , et al., 2005 ) . Invasive pneumococcal disease seem to depend on both pneumococcal cell wall constituent including lipoteichoic and peptidoglycan ,in addition to a multitude of … Read more

Understanding Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Genetics, Pathology, and Treatment

  Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is perhaps on of the most interesting diseases from an epidemiological standpoint. In 2013, 382 million people had DM, a number that has more than doubled in the last 30 years (12, 21). This figure represents around 7% of the world population, signifying that it is not just a problem in … Read more

Celiac disease

Celiac disease defined as an autoimmune digestive disease where the ingestion of gluten containing substance leads to damage the small intestine causing digestive disorders. When someone with celiac disease eats gluten, their immune system will be stimulated to produce antibodies (ab) against their own cells of the small intestine specifically the villi, small fingerlike projections … Read more

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was first reported in 1935 by Stein and Leventhal who described seven women dealing with amenorrhea, hirsutism, and enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts (Stein and Leventhal, 1935). This syndrome was given the name Stein–Leventhal syndrome after these two physicians for sometime. In the 1960s, however, the term polycystic ovary syndrome … Read more

Salmonellosis – Salmonella

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that causes a range of diseases generally referred as salmonellosis. Although not all strains of Salmonella infect humans and most common Salmonella infections are mild, it can also cause a life-threatening syndrome called enteric fever. Conventional methods of identifying and discriminating between strains of Salmonella are based … Read more

Prevention and control of infections at work

Learning outcome 1 Understand roles and responsibilities in the prevention and control of infections 1.1 Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection It is the responsibility of employees to take safety measures to prevent and control the spread of infection in the workplace; this includes working safely to … Read more

Axonal Transport Impairment in Diabetes: Role of Axonal Cytoskeleton

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that result from defects in the body\’s ability to produce and/or use insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreatic β-cells and helps glucose from the bloodstream entering into the cells in order to be converted into energy. In uncontrolled diabetes, there is … Read more

Anxiety

Anxiety is a widely studied phenomenon in the West by psychology, by psychoanalysis and by medicine. It is characterized by an unpleasant subjective state of restlessness, tension and apprehension. While anxiety terminology is not found in the literature of traditional Chinese medicine, the symptoms described are widely studied. Such literature considers this pathology metaphorically a … Read more

Stroke

Introduction: Stroke is an abrupt onset of a focal neurological deficit following a vascular event which lasts for more than 24 hours. Stroke is a universal health problem. It is the 2nd commonest cause of death and fourth leading cause of disability worldwide (1). Stroke is also a cause of disability. Stroke impairs mobility in … Read more