The Mongols: A Barbaric Civilization

The Mongol Empire was an expansive empire lasting from 1206 to 1368 AD. Founded by Genghis Khan, they were known for their battle tactics, unique weapons (such as the whistle arrow), and their avid use of horses in war. However, when classifying the Mongols, historians are generally unsure whether or not the Mongols can be … Read more

Chernobyl nuclear power station disaster

Unlike natural disasters that are caused by extreme environmental conditions, human impact disasters are the product carelessness or mishandling of dangerous equipment. Some examples of these disasters are airplane crashes, chemical disasters and mine collapses. On 26 April 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power station, located in Ukraine suffered a major accident, which was followed by … Read more

The United States’ entry into the War of 1898 and World War I in 1917

The United States’ entry into the War of 1898 and World War I in 1917 resulted from strikingly similar factors and each played crucial roles in establishing US hegemony. Both President William McKinley and Woodrow Wilson faced parallel events prior to each war such as US economic interests abroad, mounting pressure from public opinion, and … Read more

African diaspora

Throughout prehistoric and ancient times, Africans have migrated from their home continent to different parts of the world. These migrations and dispersals of Africans throughout the years have fostered the African diaspora. The term “African diaspora” however recently emerged and became popular in the 1950s and 1960s, but the African diasporas existed long before then … Read more

The Lost Colony of Roanoke

The Lost Colony of Roanoke was a failure by all matters as a colonial establishment which had little effect on following colonies like Jamestown; however, Roanoke did establish a cantankerous relationship with American natives through massacre and betrayal. The colonists of Roanoke were not in fact lost; many of them were murdered and some were … Read more

Britain under Roman Rule

About half a century before the beginning of the Christian era, Julius Caesar, the great Roman-General, was en a .ed in subduing. the Gauls. The Britons of England were of a kindred race to the Gauls, and so they sometimes helped their continental kinsmen against the Romans. Hence Caesar planned an invasion of Britain. His … Read more

Torture through the ages and modern day use

Since there has been information, there has been people that have been trying to hide it from people. And since there has been people hiding information, someone has wanted to know this information. The most common way that people have wanted to find out this intelligence is torture. Torture doesn’t necessarily have to be just … Read more

The Pueblo Revolt

The Indians of Pueblo, gentle and placid, but uniquely lethal than any other group of Indians. In the fragile and sad chronicle of Europe’s conquest of the America’s, the Pueblo revolt is the most remarkable. In 1680, Pueblo Indians were able to throw their conquerors out of their territory and keep them at bay for … Read more

The Massacre of Tlatelolco

On October 2, 1968, what started off as a peaceful student protest later turned into a bloody massacre. On this day, students gathered together in Tlatelolco plaza to peacefully protest against the government. The students were there for a rally but they were surrounded by armed military troops, who opened fire and started the massacre. … Read more

The Greek Polis

The Greek civilization had a different system concerning the way institutions are organized compared to other communities of that time. The Greek invented the polis. “The polis was led by legally elected magistrates who held office for a limited period of time and this way there was constant negotiation between citizens and the magistrates.”.  The … Read more

The relationship between Great Britain and the British Colonies

The relationship between Great Britain and the British Colonies underwent significant changes in the 18th century. The colonists were no longer completely dependent on Great Britain, and they were coherently able to produce many goods, conduct international relations, settle new lands, and hold political conventions. These tasks are the foundation of a strong independent government. … Read more

Male and female bodies through history in literature

With the onset of the early modern period, genital homology dominated beliefs about male and female bodies. The ‘one-sex theory’ formed the foundations of this, affirming that men and women shared the same genitals.  Throughout the early modern period however, this evolved into the two-sex theory, accompanied by the transition from one to two-seed models. … Read more

Don Dale Youth Detention centre juveniles

The controversial treatment of Don Dale Youth Detention centre juveniles in August 2014 is of social and national importance. The outbreak of footage on July 25 2016, from august 2014 of the mistreatment of juveniles in Don Dale Youth detention centre and the media’s treatment of the events shows that mistreatment against Aboriginals remains a … Read more

Developing spectral imaging: A standardized tool for collaborative conservation support

Multispectral imaging offers potential to support both conservation and preservation studies of manuscripts, books and other two-dimensional objects.  This includes images that offer insight into the unseen, as well as data for scientific studies and comparisons against standard samples and other manuscripts.  During the past 18 years, narrowband multispectral imaging systems have advanced with the … Read more

Why the advice in Cicero’s Handbook of Electioneering is not principled

Marcus Tullius Cicero was a notable orator and politician in the late Roman Republic (Griffin 1988, p.97). Although he has a military background, Cicero was more successful in the politic through the triumph of oratory (Lintott 2000, p.99; Holland 2003, p.128). This success leads him to the election of consulship, the highest office in the … Read more