Answer1)
Three reasons to obtain ethical approval are-
1) Protection of participants – It is the responsibility of the researcher to protect the participants from any kind of harm being raised from research. This harm can be physical, mental or psychological which also includes loss of autonomy and loss of self-esteem. As a rule, participants must not be exposed to the risks which are greater than their normal lifestyles.
2) Valid consent – Researcher must inform participants in advance about the potential risks or benefits associated with the research. The information sheet should be provided to the participant so that they can understand the terms and conditions of the research. Allow them some time to sign the consent form. For minors (under 16), the consent should be gained from their guardian or the person who is responsible to take care of the participants.
3) Data Protection – It is researcher’s duty to respect and preserve the data, identities and confidentiality of the participant except where the written consent is provided to reveal their identity.
Answer2)
A) Citation for this paper could be used in two different ways-
If it is used at the end of the sentence, then citation would be-
(Xiang & Barker,2008).
If it is used at the starting of the sentence then citation would be-
Xiang and Barker(2008)
B) Reference for this paper in Harvard style
Xiang, H. and Barker, T., 2008. Using artificial intelligence techniques to grade essays. The Journal of Computer Science, 26(3), pp.126-132.
C) The two main differences between refrences and bibliography are-
1) Reference implies to the list of sources which has been referred in the research work while bibliography is about listing all the sources that has been used in that research work, whether it is a primary source or secondary.
2) Reference uses only in text citations that has been used in the thesis, paper or book, while bibliography uses both in-text and other sources that are used to generate the idea.
Answer3)
A) Random Sampling- A sample in which every element in that particular group has an equal chance of getting selected. This type of sampling can give the best results.
B) Quota Sampling- It is the type of sampling in which data is selected from homogeneous group. This type of sampling is a non-random sampling, and it is based on category.
C) Population- A group of individuals, who are the subject of studies.
D) Statistic- This term is used to define the characteristic of a sample.
E) Parameter- It is a measurable characteristic of sample. Such as mean, mode and median.
F) Mean- Mean can also be known as Average. It is the total of all the numbers in a set divided by the numbers in that list.
For example- {5,6,10}
So the mean is – [(5+6+10)]/3=7
Mean=7
G) Median- The list of numbers to be arranged in order from lowest to highest and then the middle number of that list is median. Also, it can be calculated by adding two numbers from the middle of the set.
H) t-test- It is a type of test which is used to decide the significant differences between the mean of two groups.
I) p-value- A p-value is the probability that is corresponding to the null-hypothesis to produce the result which is near to impossible.
J) Significant difference- It means the change or difference not happened by random chance but there is a special cause beyond this change or difference.
Answer 4)a) Confounding variable is also known as third variable which can analyze the result incorrectly.
B)
1)Randomization
2)Statistical Control
3)Matching
4)The use experimental designs
Answer5) a) Quantitative research- This research is expressed in statistics or numbers. It includes surveys, experiments, and observations.
B) Qualitative research- This type of research focuses on theories and hypothesis. It is based on focus groups, interviews, and literature review.
Answer6)
A) The time decreases as the bandwidth increases.
B) Aim- To decrease the video downloading time.
Objective- Increase the bandwidth.
C) the null hypothesis is that you will constantly get the similar bandwidth all the time.
d)Bandwidth is independent variable.
E) Mean time is dependent variable.
F) Pilot study is used to test research process. It is done before main test as it reduces the type1 and type2 errors.
G) Multiple reptations makes it helpful for the researcher to get unbiased results.
H) The two cofounding variables are the 200mb file and the speed in GBPs
I) By providing the constant speed of 1GBPs.
J)
The video being download for research should be legal.
Professionally, only trusted network should be used.
Ethically, the research should be done over that same 200mb video.
K) Budget issue
2020-12-18-1608265664