Investment casting (lost wax process casting)

Investment casting is one of the metallurgical processes that are used worldwide which was discovered many years ago. It is also known as lost wax process casting. In the early days they use to produce copper, bronze and gold. This technique re-emerged in the late 19th century when dentists began using the technique to make … Read more

Yield

Yield is a complex trait which determined by high number of genes and effected by many other traits; yield components, traits relate to the seeds, and agronomic traits. One of the most important yield component traits is productive tiller number. Productive tiller number is a quantitative trait which controlled by large number of genes, one … Read more

Research proposal: Modeling flow and transport of pollutants in porous media

Fresh water is an essential element of life, the main source of drinking water being represented by groundwater. Since aquifers provide drinking water needs of humanity, water quality and pollutant transport to the saturated zone has to be carefully monitored. Unsaturated zone acts as a buffer between surface waters and aquifers. Environmental protection in general … Read more

Optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography is a technique that generates slice images of a three-dimensional object (Fercher, Drexler, Hitzenberger, & Lasser, 2003). Compare to other tomographic techniques, for example CT scan, OCT is a non-invasive and it is particular importance in the medical field. Optical coherence tomography is physically founded on optical diffraction tomography (ODT) (Fercher, Drexler, … Read more

Research proposal: Does the Tortoise Beetle attack plant species other than the Eucalyptus tree?

LITERATURE REVIEW: According to my previous research, it has shown that the Tortoise Beetle affects the Eucalyptus trees seen in the past study, ‘NEW WORK ON BIOCONTROL FOR EUCALYPTUS TORTOISE BEETLE’ in New Zealand by Toni Withers of Scion May 2012. In my investigation, I would like to find out if the Tortoise Beetle affects … Read more

Nanomedicine

The incorporation of nanotechnology into molecular biology and medicine has resulted in active developments of a new emerging research area, nanomedicine which offers exciting opportunities for discovering new materials, processes, and phenomena (Whitesides, G. M, 2003). Nanoparticles play vital role as imaging contrast agents in various bio-imaging and pathogenic detection modalities including fluorescence microscopy, Confocal … Read more

Genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm which is based on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and works on the natural phenomenon of evolution according to which only the fittest survive and reproduce, which produces better offspring’s with the best genes from both the parents and as the generation goes on, we obtain an overall fitter … Read more

Chromium coatings

The dense oxide layer which naturally forms on the aluminum surface inhibits the direct electroplating of trivalent chromium coatings on the aluminum substrate. The trivalent chromium coatings with and without Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) deposits on the pure aluminum substrate using a thin zincates interlayer to improve the mechanical and corrosion properties of pure aluminum … Read more

Evolution and Charles Darwin

Evolution I. Evolution is the most important concept in all of biology. None of biology makes sense except in the context of evolution. Just why is evolution so important to biologists? A few examples’ A. Taxonomy: Evolution makes sense of the similarities and differences and provides a rational explanation for the distribution of taxa. It … Read more

Dissertation: Baobab fruit trees

Abstract The African baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a multi-purpose tree that is important among African communities as it provides food and a range of raw materials. Its fruits provide essential nutrients and are sold to generate income. As baobab fruits are important to the livelihoods of many people, it is important to understand the causes … Read more

Gene transfer techniques – pros and cons

Gene transfer is a technique to stably and efficiently introduce functional genes (that are usually cloned) into the target cells. Genetic transfer is the mechanism by which DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient. Once donor DNA is inside the recipient, crossing over can occur. The result is a recombinant cell that has … Read more

Newcastle Disease

A total of 101 pigeon farms were visited to determine the point prevalence of Newcastle Disease (ND) and concurrent co-infection of endoparasites in district, Faisalabad.

Principles Of Cyclotheropy

As it targets rapidly dividing cells, chemotherapeutic drugs could also affect normal cells and causes some side-effects. Patients suffer from bone marrow suppressinon, neuropenia, anemia, nausea and vomiting, amongst other ailments