The ‘Legal Highs’ Phenomenon – What are These Drugs'?

Legal highs’ are any psychoactive substances, compounds, plants, or fungi that are chemically related to classified controlled drugs of abuse, such as amphetamine, which mimic similar psychoactive effects to control drugs (Gibbons & Zloh, 2010). Currently, ‘legal highs’ referred to as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are either illegal to manufacture, supply and possess under the … Read more

Nano Membranes

Introduction: A membrane can be defined as a selective barrier, it means that it can allow a few particles of liquid and block others. Membrane is use to separate certain particles from liquid. There are two types of particles in liquid; one that passes through membrane while the other is retained particle. The liquid that … Read more

Investigations in thermoacoustic refrigeration

In this paper the various investigations in thermoacoustic refrigeration system are reviewed. Thermo acoustic refrigerator is a new type of energy conversion device, which can convert acoustic power into heat energy based on the thermo acoustic effect. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an emerging refrigeration technology which does not require any moving parts or any environmentally harmful … Read more

Protective Effect of Abutilon indicum (L.) on Cisplatin & Acetaminophen Induced Nephrotoxic Rats

Abstract: Abutilon indicum L. (Malvaceae) is a common Indian medicinal herb traditionally used for curing variety of disorders in ancient systems of medicine. The study aims at evaluating the protective and curative effect of ethanolic extract of Abutilon indicum (EEAI) at 200 & 400 mg doses on cisplatin and acetaminophen induced nephrotoxic rat models. Ethanolic … Read more

Spatial synchrony

Spatial synchrony occurs when properties measured in populations (e.g., species abundance), communities (species richness) or ecosystems (e.g., primary productivity) vary synchronously. Several studies have demonstrated synchrony of temporal dynamics in local population densities (Knops and Koenig 1998; Shanker and Sukumar 1999; Cattadori et al 1999; Liebhold et al 2004a). Other studies also revealed synchrony as … Read more

Sun and Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Array Systems Using Fuzzy Controllers

Abstract: Solar energy is viewed as clean and renewable source of energy for the future. So the use of Photovoltaic systems has increased in many applications. That need to improve the materials and methods used to harness this power source. There are two major approaches; sun tracking and maximum power point tracking. These two methods … Read more

Anatomy

The word ‘anatomy’ derives from the Greek term ‘anatome’ which means ‘cutting apart’. However, anatomy is a broad subject which encapsulates many scientific components of life thus it is an ever developing science (Patton et al, 2007). Human anatomy is the subdiscipline of biology which focuses on the internal structures of the human body including … Read more

Small ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Small ribonucleic acid (RNA) can act as specific regulators of gene expression. Over the years many new small functional RNAs have been found. RNAs are usually thought of as messenger RNA, which serve as templates for the translation of genes into proteins. Encoding of the DNA sequence is often referred to as an RNA gene. … Read more

Crystal Structure of Glycoprotein B from Herpes Virus Simplex 1

Crystal Structure of Glycoprotein B from Herpes Virus Simplex 1 Abstract Glycoprotein B is vital in cell fusion of Herpesvirus. Determination of Crystal structure allows us to find possible avenues into prevention of fusion in turn preventing replication. Discussion Herpes Simplex Virus 1 [HSVto1] is used as a prototype for the large and diverse herpesvirus … Read more

Application essay: Chemistry

‘Better things for Better living through Chemistry’, taking this thought as a motivation for my objective to pursue graduate studies in Chemistry. My interest in this field is determined by my majoring in Organic Chemistry with a research experience in the relative field persuaded me that I had made the right choice of study, heading … Read more

GM technology

In high school we have learned about that gene is the basic unit to control biological traits, genetic information is recorded biological procreation. Different information recorded in different genes, gene can be changed by modifying some or all of the features of an organism. After entering the university, after the completion of the study a … Read more

Synchrony

Synchrony is a significant and recurring result for different taxonomic resolutions at the present time series study. The synchrony of zooplankton populations have been detected in different types of ecosystems, both temperate (Rusak et al. 1999, 2002) and tropical (Caliman et al. 2010). The results obtained in this study and for several other groups of … Read more

The Universe

Abstract The universe is a known place to our young and sensitive eyes. Stars galaxies, planets, comets, asteroids are part of this abundant place that has an end of 13. 8 billion years to us. The age of the universe was known by studying the oldest objects within the universe, which can be studied using … Read more

Research proposal: Phyllanthus niruri for Malaria

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Over 500 million cases of malaria are reported annually among the world’s poorest populations. Millions of children die each year in Africa alone. The parasite that causes the most deadly form of malaria, plasmodium falciparum, is spread by the highly prevalent mosquitos’ anopheles gambiae and anopheles. funestus. After decades of neglect, … Read more

CPE methodology

The CPE methodology was introduced by Watanabe and co-workers (Goto K, Fukue Y and Watanabe H., 1977; Watanabe H and Tanaka H.,1978), and its analytical potential was reported by Watanabe in 1982 (Watanabe H and Mitta K L.,1982) and its application for organic pollutants have been extensively reviewed(Tani.H, Kamidate.T and Watanabe.T.,1997; Quina.F.H, Hinze.W.L.,1999; Sanz-Medel.A.,et.al.1999; Huddleston.J.G.,et.al.1999; … Read more