The evolution of the mammalian dental complex

The evolution of the mammalian dental complex was accompanied by a radical change in the role of dentition itself. Teeth became forward projections of the mammal’s digestive system, and were characterized by three distinctive features — occlusion, heterodonty, and the emergence of at most two functional generations of teeth. First, occlusion means that the teeth … Read more

Separation anxiety in dogs

FOR SEPARATION ANXIETY IN DOGS The Anxiety of Separation (AS) is the set of unwanted behaviors displayed by dogs when they are left alone by their caregivers or are physically removed them. The inclusion of dogs in the human family context and the consequent arising humanization narrowing of bonds are usually held responsible for such … Read more

Hermann’s tortoises

Hermann’s tortoises are a smaller breed of tortoise that are on the near-threatened list as the wild population is significantly decreasing (van Dijk, 2018). NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Hermann’s Tortoises are strictly herbivorous and require a diet high in calcium but low in phosphorous (Northampton Reptile Centre, 2018). Vegetation such as clover, dandelions, and plenty of leafy … Read more

Protection of trade of endangered species

This essay will analyse the successes and failures of the largest convention on the protection of trade of endangered species. There are various issues that impede CITES from meeting all its objectives. However, the Convention has and continues to succeed in limiting trade to protect threatened species to a great extent. It is impossible for … Read more

Infanticide in primates

Many of the behaviors observed in primates are known to have evolutionary causes. Infanticide is one that has been questioned whether to be caused by an evolutionary purpose or pathological behaviors. Infanticide has been observed in the wild amongst primates as a situation where new males join a new group and begin to kill off … Read more

Killer whales

Killer whales (Orcinus orca), the world’s largest dolphin (Bird, J. 2007), occupy all the oceans in the world (Anderson, R. 2016). They belong to the order Cetacea, and they are the largest member of the Delphinidae family, forming a subgroup within the subfamily Orcininae. They are fast swimming, intelligent social animals and the largest apex … Read more

Practices Related to the Animal

Apart from following good management practices like purchasing good breed animals, keeping proper record etc. special emphasis should be laid on health of the animal. Sanitary precautions to prevent and control the diseases should be adopted. The animals should be properly bathed & well groomed. The animals should be examined periodically for udder and other … Read more