Review of ‘New Evidence on the Tool-Assisted Hunting Exhibited by Chimpanzees’

“New Evidence on the Tool-Assisted Hunting Exhibited by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in a Savannah Habitat at Fongoli, Sénégal”: Critical Review Introduction The chimpanzee population of Fongoli, Sénégal are the only known non-human primate population to systematically (rather than opportunistically) use tool-assisted hunting techniques to capture vertebrate prey. This study examines the tool-assisted hunting patterns … Read more

Invasive Species

All throughout the world invasive species are making a devastating impact to ecosystems and the way of life of entire populations who significantly dependent on native species to survive, and consequently disrupting countries’ economies around the world. They are called invasive since they are non-native species that thrive, spread, or harms native species.  They broadly … Read more

Controlled hypothermia

Many species of mammals and birds allow their body temperatures to fall in a controlled manner under certain circumstances.  Controlled hypothermia is a general term for this sort of phenomenon.  Hypothermia is the state of having an unusually low body temperature, and in controlled hypothermia, the animals orchestrate their entry into and exit from hypothermia … Read more

Animal Locomotion (presentation)

Animals have to move to find food and sexual partners. To proliferate their species and to avoid predators and adjust to varying environmental conditions, animals exhibit different ways of moving. Ants communicate and cooperate with other ants by using chemicals (pheromones) that can alert others to danger or lead them to a promising food source. … Read more

Endangered or vulnerable species

Approximately 2,300 species are registered as endangered or vulnerable under the ESA. ESA is the Endangered Species Act of 1973 that states the preservation of species that are vanishing or defenseless through all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend. (NOAA Fisheries, 2013) Humans are … Read more

Male Poecilia reticulata show no mating preference for larger or smaller females

Abstract Poecilia reticulata (also known as the guppy) is a common tropical fish where female sexual preference has led to brightly colored males. We designed an experiment to determine if male P. reticulata also demonstrated sexual preference by placing randomly selected male guppies into a 1x2ft aquarium with two isolated but visible females with a … Read more

Reasons and production of natural ‘sunscreens’ in marine primary producers

Introduction Some organisms in the marine environment produce or aquire natural sunscreens to protect tissues from UV radiation (Hylander and Jephson, 2010). These organisms range from micro-organisms to large vertebrates (Osborn et al., 2015). Microalgae seem to be the largest group producing sunscreen-like chemicals. In order for phytoplankton to survive, grow, and reproduce they must … Read more

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) culture

The two non-human ape species that will be discussed in this essay include: orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). The word culture can have a very loose definition, resulting in anthropologists expressing their views on what culture in Homoinoidea is in different ways. Ranging from a limited definition to broad. Culture tends to be … Read more

Relationship between ethanol, gene expression & circadian rhythms in cockroaches

This experiment seeks to investigate the relationship, if any, between ethanol, gene expression, and circadian rhythms in cockroaches.  An experiment on cockroaches may be shed light on humans because evolution has resulted in many organisms utilizing circadian rhythms to help them adapt to the effects of Earth’s rotation each day.  These internal “timing systems” are … Read more

Analysis of ‘The role of calcium in reproduction of the ring-necked pheasant.’

Dale, F. H. 1955. The role of calcium in reproduction of the ring-necked pheasant. The Journal of Wildlife Management 19:325-331. The understanding as to why Phasianus colchicus are abundantly found in some regions of North America is well understood. However, wildlife biologists are baffled by the bird’s population and distribution on a local scale. Different … Read more

Wild bison in Yellowstone

Yellowstone and the Greater Yellowstone area and bison are all idealistic parts on the American West and the Great Plains. But, bison are the animal that symbolizes it. In the 1870s they were heavily killed for their hides to be made into leather for boots and machine belts in the end of a decade millions … Read more

Beneficial insects

350 million years ago, the first insects appeared, and they now have adapted to nearly every habitat on earth. The class Insecta is the largest and most familiar class in the Phylum Arthropoda. Containing over a million species that are grouped in 34 orders, the Insecta Class is massive. There are 90,000-100,000 species known in … Read more

Growth rate of T. Californicus dependent on their diet (plan)

Introduction Marine copepods, such as T. Californicus are found along California’s coast and can be seen along United States’ western coast. The copepod is able to survive in various living conditions: fluctuating temperatures, small amounts of water, vast amounts of salinity, and are opportunistic feeders (Hawkins 1962). The life cycle of a copepod consists of … Read more

Diversity of Life Report – The Koalas

General Information The koala is a species (Phascolarctos cinerus) living natively in Australia.  It is mammalian, it lives on trees (arboreal) and it is herbivorous. It belongs to mersupial infraclass. It is the only left alive members of Phascolarctidae.  They live both on northern and southern sides of Australia.  Individuals from northern population are smaller … Read more

Whether J. coenia wing color plasticity may play a role in thermoregulation

Abstract The common buckeye, or Junonia coenia, is a butterfly species that demonstrates phenotypic plasticity in some populations but not in others. In populations in the Eastern United States, the ventral hindwing is tan in the summer and dark red in early spring and fall, but in populations in Southern California, this plasticity is drastically … Read more