The Provisional Irish Republican Army: The Transition from Terrorism to Reconciliation

Introduction: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is one of the longest operating terrorist organizations in all of history.  After centuries of war, discrimination, retaliation, and hatred, the PIRA turned to terrorism in the hopes of a united Irish Free State.  The PIRA started with strong Ethnonationalist roots, deep psychological and emotional pain from years … Read more

Influence of anti-war movement & civil rights on Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan: The Anti-War movement and Civil Rights influenced “Masters of war”, “Blowin in the wind” and “The times they are a-changing” Throughout different encounters in one’s life, a person may meet different people and experience a multitude of events that can affect their character or behavior. Car accidents, death, or even getting a new … Read more

History of ketchup

Ketchup is a condiment whose very name conjures up images of tomatoes, hotdogs, burgers, and plastic Heinz-labeled bottles of tomato sauce. It is so widely associated as a condiment that upon searching for synonyms of “condiment” in the Oxford English Dictionary, the word “ketchup” appears as the fourth synonym. Although essentially synonymous with tomato sauce … Read more

Moon Landing Conspiracies

The module Eagle landed on the surface of the Moon on July twentieth, 1969. This moment marked the first time that humankind has landed and explored the Moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, the astronauts manned on the module, took pictures and conducted experiments to better understand the silver orb in our sky. Michael Collins, … Read more

Terrorism in New York City

New York City has many unique qualities and places to visit such as Times Square, Broadway, and the Empire State Building. People come from all over to visit this famous city that is adored by many people. The large amounts of citizens who reside in or visit the city make it high risk for terrorist … Read more

Islamic Glass production

To assist in seeing the extent in which Islamic glass manufacturers made their mark on global glass production one must have a certain understanding of a history of Islamic Glass production. The history of glass in Islam begins with the Umayyad dynasty, the dynasty that created a vast empire that spanned from Spain in the … Read more

The impact of World War II on women’s lives

On Sunday, December 7th, 1941, Japan attacked The United States by bombing Pearl Harbor, a United Stated Naval Base situated on Hawaii. That morning, 300 Japanese fighter planes descended onto the base and bombed it, destroying naval vessels, battleships and airplanes while simultaneously killing 2,400 Americans, military and civilians. This attack was the driving force … Read more

The story of Zeus’ birth

Myths play a critical role in shaping the religious beliefs and the development of a society. Ancient Greece had numerous myths, one of them being the story of the birth of Zeus. According to the story, the world was unified and brought forth the goddess that took the role of creating everything. Eurynome the goddess … Read more

History of sewage systems

Throughout all of human history, people have had need to eat. And, throughout all of human history, people have had need to get rid of their digested food. This can become quite an issue, as, if dealt with improperly, human waste spreads diseases like cholera and hepatitis. Luckily, outbreaks like these have not been common … Read more

Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370

Introduction: Flight MH370 is a Malaysian airline flight that disappeared on March 8, 2014. It aircraft was carrying 227 passengers and 12 crew members. Flight MH370 was travelling from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to Beijing, China, when something disastrous.  Less than an hour after takeoff communication was lost between the aircraft and air traffic control. The … Read more

An Analysis on the Influential Nature of Monumental Documents  

Jean-Jacques Rousseau published The Social Contract in 1763 to discuss the idea that consensus among citizens results in their own freedom and liberty. Thirteen years later John Hancock and fifty-five others signed the American Declaration of Independence into action on July 4, 1776, declaring the United States as thirteen independent states free of British rule. … Read more

The evolution of fire

Abstract This paper addresses fire’s evolution from simply being a source of light and heat to its complex uses in science and entertainment. Fire’s past uses through fireworks in China and its modern uses through pyrotechnic displays are discussed. The invention of colored fire and its components are explored. The elements of a fire and … Read more