Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed in the mid-1980s and is a critical invention in molecular biology. The goal of PCR is to amplify a specific target DNA sequence from a whole genomic DNA. Many other methods have been developed from PCR modifications including: target specific nucleic acid, probe specific for target sequence, or a … Read more

The Use of the Scientific Method

The scientific method is like a never ending road constantly growing and having numerous possibilities for growth and improvement for any idea. In many aspects, it is the foundation for science and everything that has been proven today. Throughout history, the scientific method has been used to build theories, laws, and essentially create a platform … Read more

Alpha amylase & Beta amylase

Alpha-amylase breaks down large starch molecules into smaller molecules for the beta-amylase. It is stable in hot mashes with high water content and will convert starch to soluble sugars in a temperature range from 145°F to 158°F. Beta-amylase is capable of breaking down starches into soluble sugars. After the alpha-amylase added, it create smaller soluble … Read more

Motivational Interviewing

The purpose of this study by Kazemi, Levine, Dmochowski, Niles, & Sun (2013), was to see if Motivational Interviewing would have an impact on the number of blackout occurrences among college freshmen. This is an important topic to the researches, because alcohol and illicit drug use is a serious health issue among college students. By … Read more

Multiverse – articles review

Clark, S. (2017, May 17). Multiverse: have astronomers found evidence of parallel universes? Retrieved July 06, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/science/across-the-universe/2017/may/17/multiverse-have-astronomers-found-evidence-of-parallel-universes In a recent study by the UK’s Royal Astronomical Society, there has been an evidence of a ‘cold spot’ in the universe, first discovered by NASA’s WMAP satellite in 2004 and later confirmed by ESA’s Planck … Read more

HA – homotrimeric rod-shaped type I transmembrane glycoprotein

The HA is a homotrimeric rod-shaped type I transmembrane glycoprotein [15]. Each monomer unit has a length of 540-550 amino acids that contains an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal membrane anchor [50, 51]. HA monomers are synthesized as precursors (HA0) that undergo proteolytic cleavage to generate disulfide-bonded HA1 and HA2 polypeptide chains before activation … Read more

Multifunctional enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3

Isolated more than 25 years ago, the multifunctional enzyme, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase present in all eukaryotes. It was isolated as a protein kinase that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase (Embi et al., 1980) and is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in glycogen biosynthesis. Accumulating data showed its involvement in … Read more

Analysis of gene research papers

Article 1:   Source: Ledford, H. (2017, March 07). CRISPR: gene editing is just the beginning. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://www.nature.com/news/crispr-gene-editing-is-just-the-beginning-1.19510 CRISPR has signaled a new age for molecular biologists, and non-profits like Addgene are on top of it all. Addgene has become the place where scientists deposit their tools while also turning to … Read more

Scientific revolution

The science of the middle ages was dominated by dogma, scholasticism, and traditions of the church. All of this was about to change. Enter the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution challenged the authority of the past by changing the traditional way of pursing scientific knowledge, undermining the religious limitation and control of scientific discovery, and … Read more

Overlap between biology and chemistry

In the overlap between biology and chemistry, you are able to see not only the structures and shapes of molecules, but also the mechanisms of how they react with each other and the consequences of those reactions. Observing the pluripotent stem cell cultures that were used to discover the cause of Batten’s disease, a rare … Read more

The Biological perspective

In the past biological-psychologist received much of their knowledge from psychology departments in institution of higher education. In the present biological psychologist are also be trained in behavioral neuroscience programs that are associated with psychology departments, or in interdisciplinary neuroscience programs. Professional positions in Biopsychology are mainly in academic and research institutions. Training for most … Read more

Giardia lamblia

The pathogen of interest is giardia lamblia, which is ingested as a cyst. In this paper we will consider it to be ingested through contaminated water, as G. lamblia thrives in cold mountain streams and is resilient to chlorine found in tap water (Kucik, et al., 2004).   Upon entrance into the oral cavity, G. … Read more

Breast cancer screening

Breast cancer is the main cause of tumor deaths in women [1]. Early diagnosis of the disease is widely approved as being essential for effective treatment [2]. Biomedical imaging modalities are the current method of choice for these diagnostics. Hence, this work aims to review and provide detailed information regarding the current state-of-the-art imaging modalities … Read more

Studying enzymes under different temperatures

The experiment was directed to research the effects temperature has on enzymes and the reaction times of breaking down starch at different temperatures. The role of the enzyme can be disturbed by temperature, PH, salinity, enzyme and substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators. There were two enzymes brought into the experiment conducted, … Read more